1. CHINA Chapter 19 Section 2

2. BACKGROUND.. Remember the Mongols were ruling the Yuan dynasty- they were foreigners so the Chinese didn’t super like that.. Mongols’ power starts to collapse & rebellions break out..

3. 2 Dynasties Ming (1368-1644) – the group that takes over after the Mongols Qing (1644-1868)

4. Ming Who: Chinese dynasty What: Chinese dynasty that kicked the Mongols out & restored peace & stability Where: China When: 1368-1644 Why: Restored stability by: Agricultural reforms, returned to Confucian moral standards, & improved the gov’t by bringing back the Civil Service Exams

5. Important leaders that brought back the stability: Hongwu Yonglo

6. “Hongwu” (NC) Who: a peasant’s son & rebel What: kicked out Mongols & started the Ming Dynasty Where: China When: 1368- 1398 Why: He restored agriculture, got rid of Mongol customs left behind & led China to power & prosperity.

7. “Yonglo” (NC) Who: Hongwu’s son, ruler of Ming What: Ming Emperor that led the age of exploration for China & built the Forbidden City Where: Beijing, China When: 1398- Why: continued restoring China & made it powerful; moved capital to Beijing (it’s there today); built the Forbidden City; qfunded exploration for China & led the age of exploration for China

8. The major explorer for China was…

9. “Zheng He” (NC) Who: Chinese muslim navy admiral, explorer What: led China in exploring expeditions Where: from China, explored SE Asia & Africa When: 1371-1433? Why: his voyages showed Chinese superiority; larger and more grand than any European voyage

10. Ming Decline Smugglers on the coasts Navy too weak to control them Emperors living in luxury & stopped dealing with gov’t affairs

11. Ming Collapse Series of famines = Peasants organized revolts that led into the cities = Manchus invaded in the north Manchus allied with rebels & took over Beijing

12. Qing Dynasty Who: Manchus What: Foreign dynasty that took over the Ming Where: China When: 1644-1868 Why: Chinese didn’t like the foreign rulers but respected them b/c: Qing upheld Confucian beliefs, made borders safe, & restored China’s prosperity

14. “Kangxi” (NC) Manchu ruler, Confucian scholar Foreign Qing ruler that helped to earn the people’s respect 1661-1722 China Reduced government expenses & lowered taxes; welcomed foreigners into China & educated them about China

15. Qianlong Kangxi’s grandson, 2 nd great ruler of Qing Ruled at height of Qing Empire 1736-1795 China Expanded empire to greatest size, cancelled tax collection

16. Society Patriarchal –Foot binding –Female infanticide Filial piety

17. Food Supplies Only small portion of Chinese land is farmable –Today only 11% used Relied on highly productive farming American food crops increased food supply

18. Population Growth 100 million in 1500 160 million in 1600 –Fell to 140 million in mid-1600s due to rebellion and war 225 million by 1750 Large labor force = cheap wages Food production could not keep up

19. Foreign Trade Exported silk, porcelain, tea Imported very little Technological development had slowed –Gunpowder weapons came from Europeans –Christian missionaries used other new technologies to get in good with the emperors EFFECTS of trade: …. On next slide:

20. Christianity Didn’t have large effect on Chinese Made Europeans aware of Chinese Confucianism was appealing –Rational morality liked by Enlightened thinkers