1. S EXUALLY T RANSMITTED I NFECTIONS PDCP GRADE 10

2. W HAT IS AN STI??  An STI is a sexually transmitted infection that is contracted through unprotected sex.  Unprotected includes oral sex as well as intercourse.

3. N EED TO REALIZE THAT …  You can contract some STI’s more than once and you can have more than one STI at a time.  STI’s can become very dangerous if ignored.

4. H OW IS IT T RANSMITTED ? Germs cause STI’s. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Germs require certain things in order to grow and multiply. Things that include warmth, darkness, moisture, mucous lining, and a good blood supply.

5. T YPES OF STI’S Parasitic STI Pubic Lice (Crabs) Bacterial STIs Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Viral STIs Herpes AIDS/HIV HPV (genital warts)

6. P UBIC L ICE (C RABS )

7. W HAT ARE PUBIC LICE ? Tiny crab-like insects that nest in pubic hair. They bury their heads into the skin and live off human blood, laying their egg sacks (nits) near the base of the pubic hairs.

8. A substance they secrete into the skin can cause intense itching, and the bites of adult lice turn small patches of skin to a bluish-grey colour. Unlike head lice, pubic lice have small, wide bodies and arms that resemble crabs. These lice can also be found in chest, armpit and facial hair, eyebrows and eyelashes.

10. H OW DO CRABS / LICE SPREAD ? Pubic lice can be spread during intimate contact. They do this by crawling from one person to another, since they have no wings. Pubic lice also can live for one to two days in bedding, towels and clothing belonging to an infected individual, and these items can be a source of transmission. It is most common among sexually active people and in situations where individuals are in close contact.

11. S YMPTOMS Skin irritation and inflammation accompanied by itchiness and redness. Small blue spots on the skin where lice have bitten. Louse feces: fine black particles, in the infected person’s undergarments.

12. T REATMENT Non-prescription shampoo that can be purchased at a pharmacy, clinic or doctor’s office. Usually one wash is all it takes. A fine-toothed comb or the fingernails can be used to scrape the eggs off the hairs. Clothes, bedding, and other possible contaminated items should be washed in hot water or dry cleaned, or bagged for a week. Items that cannot be washed or bagged should be vacuumed. Shaving may not necessarily get rid of the problem. **It will not go away on it’s own.

13. V IRAL STI S

14. C HLAMYDIA

15. F IGURE 1 - C HLAMYDIA, NB I NCIDENCE RATE BY GENDER AND YEAR, 2000-2009

16. C HLAMYDIA Greatest number affected with Chlamydia are people 15- 29 years old. Chlamydia rates rose 74% between 1997 and 2004. Sometimes the symptoms are so mild that a person may not notice them which leads to more infections. Symptoms may occur from 2 – 6 weeks after initial exposure.

17. C HLAMYDIA : W HAT TO LOOK FOR Females: -a new or different discharge from the vagina -a burning feeling when urinating -pain in the lower abdomen - fever and chills -pain during sex -vaginal bleeding between periods -vaginal bleeding after intercourse

19. C HLAMYDIA : W HAT TO LOOK FOR Males: - a watery or milky drip from the penis -an itchy feeling inside the penis -a burning feeling when urinating -pain or swelling in the testicles - Infection of the anus

21. S WOLLEN / TENDER TESTICLES

22. T ESTING You will need to go to your doctor’s office and ask for testing to be done for Chlamydia. Urine test conducted at your doctor’s office. Also, a swab will be done on your throat, anus, penis or vagina.

23. T REATMENT Chlamydia can be cured if treated with an antibiotic taken by mouth. Unfortunately, the disease is often missed because it frequently presents no symptoms. Effects if untreated: Women: Sterility due to pelvic inflammatory disease. Passing the infection on to their child during childbirth. Men: Infection of the urethra causing low sperm count and/or sterility.

24. G ONORRHEA ( THE CLAP )

25. G ONORRHEA Second most common STI in Canada, rates have doubled between 1997-2004. 2/3 of reported cases in Canada are men. Can affect the cervix, urethra, rectum, throat, and occasionally the eyes.

26. G ONORRHEA Symptoms, if any, include burning sensation during urination, and thick yellow discharge for both men/women. Rectal/vaginal bleeding and pain are also symptoms. It may take 2-21 days after sex to notice symptoms

27. U RETHRAL D ISCHARGE FROM G ONORRHEA

28. V AGINAL D ISCHARGE FROM G ONORRHEA

29. E FFECTS /T REATMENT Individuals with gonorrhea are at an increased risk for contracting HIV. EFFECTS Men & Women: Infertility & Infection in the bloodstream, joint & skin problems. TREATMENT Multiple oral anti-biotics are available as there are several strains of gonorrhea requiring various treatments.

30. S YPHILIS

31. An infection sometimes called the great imitator because symptoms are similar to some common medical conditions. Infectious in the first year after contraction. This disease was rare in Canada, but is now becoming more common, with a definite increase in Atlantic Canada.(rose 904% between 1997-2004)

32. T ESTING AND T REATMENT A blood test or a swab of the infected area is used to determine if you are infected. Syphilis can be cured with antibiotics but you are never immune.

33. 3 S TAGES OF S YPHILIS 1 st Stage SIGNS & SYMPTOMS 3 days – 90 days after contracting A chancre (sore or ulcer) will appear where the infection entered the body. A chancre is firm, round and small. It is painless and my go unnoticed. A chancre can heal without treatment, but the disease will still progress to stage 2.

34. S TAGE 1 - S YPHILIS

35. C HANCRE ON A V AGINA C AN BE INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL

37. 3 S TAGES OF S YPHILIS Stage 2 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Develop 2 – 6 months after exposure. The chancre may still be present or may be healed. A rash may appear as rough, with reddish brown spots. Other symptoms: fever, sore throat, patchy hair loss, weight loss, muscle or joint aches.

38. 2 ND S TAGE - S YPHILIS

39. É PIDÉMIOLOGIE DE LA S YPHILIS AU NB A SPECTS CLINIQUES ET TRANSMISSIBILITÉ ( SUITE …) HAND CHEST TONGUE BACK FOOT

40. 3 S TAGES OF S YPHILIS 3 rd Stage 2 nd stage symptoms subside (go away). Disease can now damage organs like the heart, liver, brain, nerves, eyes, blood vessels, bones, and joints. Over time, it can cause paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, dementia, and even death.

41. V IRAL STI S

42. HERPES

43. B EFORE WE DISCUSS H ERPES … Two types of Herpes: HSV1 & HSV2 HSV1 – Commonly referred to as cold sores. Contagious, but is not contracted through sexual activity. HSV2 – Genital Herpes Contagious, and is contracted through sexual activity. Can occur on the lips, mouth, genital or anal areas. A person can be infected with both HSV1 & HSV2 at the same time.

45. H ERPES Herpes is a virus. Many people who've been infected with HSV may never know they have the disease. For some people – symptoms are very mild and go unnoticed. For some people – symptoms are severe and painful.

46. H ERPES – S IGNS AND S YMPTOMS Pain or itching around your genital area, buttocks or inner thighs 2 - 20 days after exposure Several days later-small red bumps appear They blister and rupture, becoming ulcers that ooze or bleed. 3-4 days later they form scabs that later heal THIS DOES NOT MEAN THE VIRUS IS GONE!!

49. H OW DO GENITAL HERPES SPREAD ? Direct skin to skin contact Can spread to other parts of the body, including the eyes and from the mouth to the genitals during oral sex when one partner has cold sores.

50. T REATMENT There is no cure! There are antiviral medications (pills and ointment) available by prescription that will help reduce the number, duration and severity of the ulcers. Medications can help with suppressing outbreaks and symptoms.

51. H EPATITIS B A virus that affects the liver. In up to 50% of people, there are no outward signs of infection. Symptoms can include: Tiredness, nausea, vomiting, a rash and joint pain. These symptoms are similar to the flu.

52. 90% of people are able to fight off the infection. Antiviral agents are the best known treatment, but there is no instant cure. Hep-B can be spread though sex, childbirth, needles and other personal items like razors and toothbrushes.

53. HPV H UMAN P APILLOMAVIRUS

54. W HAT IS HPV? Human Papillomavirus Transmitted through skin to skin contact. Affects cells inside and outside the body. These include surfaces of the skin, lining of the mouth, tongue, throat, tonsils, vagina, penis, cervix, and anus. Most common type of HPV is genital warts although there are 80 other different types.

55. HPV V ACCINE An HPV Vaccine is available for girls to prevent the contraction of HPV which causes cervical cancer. The vaccine fights against those strains of HPV which cause cancer, but does not protect against all forms. If you have received the vaccine, you must still practice safe sex to prevent contracting an STI.

56. HPV (G ENITAL W ARTS ) FEMALEMALE

58. G ENITAL W ARTS VERY contagious 66% of people who come in contact with genital warts will become infected. Symptoms include itching and burning. The cauliflower-like growths are unsightly and embarrassing and associated with a high incidence of depression, sexual dysfunction and disruptions to long-term relationships.

60. T REATMENT / C OMPLICATIONS Antibiotics and having warts frozen or burned for removal. Genital warts can re-occur – common even with treatment. Definite potential for cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile and other cancers if left untreated.

61. HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

62. HIV/AIDS HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.AIDS AIDS > Serious condition that compromises a person’s immune system. People can have the virus and be completely healthy. Only way to diagnose is through blood test.

63. H OW IS HIV TRANSMITTED ? Unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex. Shared needles or other drug equipment Household items such as toothbrushes and razors that have touched infected blood. It CAN NOT be transmitted by insects, saliva, sweat, tears, urine or feces unless blood is present.

64. AIDS

65. AIDS is a collection of symptoms and affects that occur together once a person’s immune system had been compromised by HIV. Since 1981 over 20 million people have died from AIDS. Right now over 35 million people are infected with HIV.

67. T HE BOTTOM LINE Know the risks Know your partner Do not engage in unprotected sex Realize that having sex “just because someone wants you to or because you feel pressured” has huge consequences. And really…who wants to have to worry about having a sexually transmitted infection?

68. BEST WEBSITE. http://www.sexualityandu. ca/