1. C ULTURE C H 4.1

2. W HAT IS CULTURE ? Total knowledge, attitude and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a specific group.

3. C ULTURES IS … Food Traditions Shelter religion/values Architecture Days of Celebration Relationship with family Education Security/ protection History Writing system Political Structure Economy Language

4. G ROUPS WITHIN A CULTURE 1. Society: A group that shares a geographic region and a sense of identity 2. Ethnic Group: Specific group that shares a common language, customs, and heritage.

5. C ULTURAL C HANGE H APPENS T HOUGH … 1. Innovation: Taking current technology & improving it to create something new.

6. C ULTURAL C HANGE H APPENS T HOUGH … 2. Diffusion: Spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior

7. C ULTURAL C HANGE H APPENS T HOUGH … 3. Acculturation: society changes because it accepts an innovation

8. L ANGUAGE This is one of the most important aspects of culture because it allows people within the culture to communicate. Language helps establish a cultural identity and builds a sense of unity.

9. L ANGUAGE 1. Dialect: speech patterns related to a class or region. 2. Diffusion: languages may follow trade routes, through migration or even be invented.

10. R ELIGION Beliefs in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as creators and maintainers of the universe.

11. T YPES OF R ELIGION 1. Monotheistic: belief in one god

12. T YPES OF R ELIGION 2. Polytheistic: belief in many gods 3. Animistic: belief in divine forces in nature

13. M ONOTHEISM Judaism (Jews) Oldest monotheistic religion (3,200+ years ago) Holy Book= Torah & Old Testament of the Bible Holy City= Jerusalem

14. M ONOTHEISM Christianity (Christians) Evolves from Judaism (2000 years ago) Based on teachings of Jesus Holy Book= Bible (Old & New Testament) Holy City= Jerusalem

15. M ONOTHEISM Islam (Muslims) Begins 613 AD w/ Muhammad’s teachings Worships Allah (God) Close ties with Judaism & Christianity Holy Book= Quran (Koran) Holy City= Mecca, Medina & Jerusalem

16. P OLYTHEISM Hinduism Oldest religion (5000 years ago) Began in India May believe in one god or many gods that represent Brahman Caste system- organizes society by classes

17. C ULTURAL H EARTH Area where civilization began- going from hunting and gathering to a farming civilization.

18. C ULTURAL H EARTH Egypt- Nile River Valley Mesopotamia- Tigris & Euphrates River Valley (Fertile Crescent) India- Indus River Valley China- Yellow River Valley

19. C ULTURAL H EARTH