C ARBOHYDRATES What similarities and differences do you notice between the following? Glucose Fructose Galactose C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6.

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Presentation transcript:

C ARBOHYDRATES What similarities and differences do you notice between the following? Glucose Fructose Galactose C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6

C ARBOHYDRATES Called sugars Found in almost everything End in –ose Most important carb/energy source: Glucose Glucose is SO VITAL to all life

C ARBOHYDRATES Elements in it: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (C, H, O) Come in ring or straight form Food ex: Potatoes, Plums, Broccoli (Grains, Fruits, Vegetables)

C ARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharide = 1 sugar The body uses these for energy Turns it all into glucose to be used. Ex: Glucose (50% of cane sugar) Ex: Fructose (fruit sugar)

C ARBOHYDRATES Disaccharide = 2 sugars Ex: Maltose (Glucose + Glucose) [malt sugar] Ex: Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose) [table sugar]

C ARBOHYDRATES Polysaccharide = 3+ sugars Chains of connected sugars Some branch off and some are straight Ex: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

U SES FOR CARBOHYDRATES Primary use: Source of ENERGY! Other uses: cell recognition, providing sweetness Used as the: first source of energy If not used quickly (24 hour period), then they are stored as glycogen in the: liver/muscles If glycogen isn’t used quickly enough, then they are stored as: fat

R ELATION T O O THER C ONCEPTS Diabetes Insulin and carbohydrates Eating disorders Obesity Storage into fat Anorexia/Bulimia Loss of all energy stores, including glucose/glycogen Athletics Big carb meal before a run for energy NOT used to repair muscles after workout

V IDEOS Why do we love sugar? Why do our brains love junk food? (carb song) (complex and simple carbs) (GreatPacificMedia carbs)

R EACTIONS Condensation reaction Combining two sugars Releases water Hydrolysis reaction Breaking up two sugars Uses water

R EACTION EXAMPLES – C ONDENSATION OR H YDROLYSIS ? W HY ? 1. Glucose + Glucose  Maltose + Water 2. Trehalose + Water  Glucose + Glucose 3. Lactose + Water  Galactose + Glucose 4. Fructose + Galactose  Lactulose + Water 5. Glycogen + Water molecules  lots of Glucose molecules Glucose  Cellulose Water Which type of reaction results in “dehydration” of a molecule?