Key Civil War Battles In a nutshell

First Battle of Bull Run AKA : Manassases (named after river) Who: Union led by McDowell, Confederates led by Beuregard and Stonewall Jackson Where: Northern VA What/How: 30,000 (U) troops attack inexperienced (C)….(C) counterattack breaking Union Lines Rebel Yell-scares off Union soldiers McClellan asked to head up the Army of the Potomac (East)

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Monitor Vs. Merrimack War at Sea Why does this happen? The North has placed blockades in the South, Confederates cannot export cotton or receive supplies Who: (u) Monitor, (c) Merrimack aka “Virginia” Monitor goes South to engage battle. Both fire, neither is sunk….considered Union success **1 st battle between 2 metal covered ships Where: Off coast of VA

Battle of Shiloh Shiloh=Name of a church Who: (U) Ulysses S. Grant, (C) Beauregard, Sidney Johnston Where: Corinth, Mississippi Why? Goal of the West is to gain control of the Miss River What/How: Confederates launch surprise attack Day 1: Grant driven back Day 2: Union recovers, defeat Confederates

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Antietam (Single bloodiest day of war) The South’s plan to attack Maryland Who: (U) McClellan (C) Robert E. Lee Where: Antietam Creek, Maryland What/How: Union officers find Lee’s plan in Maryland field (they have time to prepare for Lee) 6,000 dead, 17,000 wounded Lee retreats to VA, Union victory **McClellan gets replaced by Ambrose Burnside (McClellan didn’t listen to Abe and destroy the Rebels)

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Emancipation Proclomation Before Antietam: Lincoln acts only to prevent expansion of slavery (doesn’t want to move on slavery because of border states) The North believes a blow at slavery would weaken the South (fed families, more labor) Lincoln waits until the victory at Antietam to free all African Americans in the South (doesn’t want to seem desperate) Signed Jan 1, 1863

Effects of Emancipation Proclamation 1.Britain and France side with North (against slavery) 2.Doesn’t really apply to South (they don’t listen, only for Slaves in North) 3.Eventually, the 13 th amendment is passed= freed slaves Slaves try to sneak away when soldiers nearby

Gettysburg During this time, Lee is moving north (capital) Who: (U) Joseph Hooker, George Meade (replaces Hooker when Lincoln gets made) (C) Lee, George Pickett Where: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania What/How: 3 day battle Day 1: Union surprises Rebels, hold town and retreat to Cemetery Hill Day 2: Rebels assault, counterattack saves Union Day 3: Pickett’s Charge- 13,000 confederates rush toward Union (easy targets to shoot at) only ½ survive Lee retreats to VA NC loses most of their men in this battle

Pickett’s Charge

Vicksburg and other battles… Union laid siege to town of Vicksburg (above Mississippi River) and Port Hudson… Why Important? Union now has control of entire Mississippi Turning point of war…. After: 1. Grant gets appointed commander of all Union forces (AKA “The Butcher”

Cont… Many battles around VA William Tecumseh Sherman takes ATL, ** Sherman’s March to the Sea: Captures Savannah GA destroying everything in his way (anything useful to the South) More battles won, Lincoln gains popularity and wins election of 1864 Richmond falls to Union troops in 1865(Confedrates set fire to keep out of Union hands)

Appomattox Lee tries to escape Richmond, Union surrounds him Lee surrenders to Grant in VA village Grant acts kindly towards Lee: lay down your weapons, orders food be delivered to confederate families, tells them go home Confederate troops in NC surrender to Sherman

Results of War Most devastating conflict in history (600,000 soldiers die) Bitter feelings toward each other Damage in South Union is saved War shows that federal government is stronger than states African Americans are free…. (are they treated fairly?) NC loses 3x as many men as any other state