Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment 1600-late 1700s

What changes led to the dawn of modern science? Geocentric Theory – Aristotle and Ptolemy Middle East Influence = Scientific Revolution = ask questions about the natural world and pose possible questions and create tests to prove ideas correct Exploration Scientific Method – 1. ID a problem 2. Hypothesis 3.test 4. record results 5. analyze results

What discoveries occurred in astronomy, physics, and math during the Scientific Revolution? Copernicus= Heliocentric Theory Galileo= invented the telescope Newton= gravity works in space as it does on earth, father of Calculus

How did the ideas of the Scientific Revolution go beyond science and impact society? People start asking Questions!!! – Of their church and their leaders People started using logic and fact to support their beliefs instead of faith

Scientific Revolution Causes Exploration and expansion of trade Continuing study of ancient authorities Development of the Scientific Method Effects Beginnings of modern science Belief in progress and the power of reason New view of the universe as a well-ordered system

How was Enlightenment Influenced by reason? People were inspired by the Scientific Revolution to start using reason as the best way to understand truth. People were exited by the notion that educated people could solve the worlds problems. Educated people gathered in coffee houses or in wealthy salons to discuss new ideas proposed by philosophers.

What new views did philosophers have about government? Along with questioning religion many people began questioning other forms of authority. Hobbes: (English Civil War deeply impacted him) – People are selfish and greedy – People NEED government to keep order John Locke: – People are naturally “happy, tolerant and reasonable.” – People are born equal = natural rights = life, liberty and property – Purpose of government was to protect these natural rights

Enlightenment in Government continued Jean-Jacques Rousseau People are born good and equal Social Contract – “Government should work for the benefit of the common good not for wealthy few.” Baron de Montesquieu Separation of powers – Legislative, Executive and Judicial powers should all work to check each others powers

What new views did philosophers have about society? Voltaire = fought for justice, religious toleration and liberty Diderot = Encyclopedia Wollstonecraft= Equal rights for women (including equal education) Smith= Free markets, Laissez-faire = economy's working without government interaction

Enlightened Despots Monarchs who were influenced by enlightenment ideas: – Fredrick II, King of Prussia – Catherine II, Queen of Russia – Joseph II, King of Austria