UNIT III THE BYZANTINE, RUSSIAN, AND MONGOL EMPIRES

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, OR EAST ROMAN EMPIRE… OR WHATEVER YOU WANT TO CALL IT!

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE TRACED ITS ROOTS TO THE ROMAN EMPIRE

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE CAPTURES THE FORMER WEST Justinian I ( ) is credited for the Byzantine Empire’s recapturing of the west as a result of his status. Belisarius ( ) was a General who was instrumental in the Byzantine Empire’s recapturing of the former western half of the empire.

WHO WAS JUSTINIAN? Known as the “Last Roman” Unpopular ruler Financial problems from conquest and local projects Heavily influenced (possibly controlled) by his wife, the Empress Theodora om/watch?v=D50IUZPG Pqg om/watch?v=D50IUZPG Pqg

THE BYZANTINE OR ROMAN EMPIRE? The Byzantine empire used the structures left in place by the Romans Most notably the law code, sometimes referred to as Justinian's Code Amazing feats in architecture were made (using Greek & Roman influence) The Empire hit its peak under Justinian

JUSTINIAN’S CODE Collected from ancient Romans & Greeks Examples: The sea & seashore belong to everyone. Rivers belong to everyone. Slavery is allowed, but you can’t mistreat slaves unless they are disobedient. A thief must repay the owner 4 times the value of a stolen object. When a bishop, priest, or pastor is praying or preaching, he has to speak loudly enough for everyone to hear. If he doesn’t, God will punish him---an so will the emperor.

QUICK QUIZ What was the capital city of the Byzantine Empire? This city is found in which modern day country? What achievements is Justinian credited with? Who was the general associated with Justinian? Why was Empress Theodora important?

THE GREAT SCHISM The Bishop in Constantinople split from the Catholic Church. Disputes over communion, priest marriage, and excommunication First major fractioning of Christianity The split would shape Europe for centuries Rome no longer had any authority over the Byzantine Empire I Know The Pieces Fit!

AREAS THAT BECAME ORTHODOX

FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Constantinople became the center for law, art, and religion The city was the heart of Byzantine culture The Empire fell in 1453 after a steady decline The Empire fell when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks The Ottomans would change Constantinople's name to Istanbul. Istanbul became an important Islamic city. The center of the Orthodox world moved to Moscow.

THE ORIGINS OF MOTHER RUSSIA

RUS…RUSSIANS Rus- descendants of Vikings who settled in Central Europe Rurik- leader of this group. Vikings settled and began marrying Slavic people who inhabited this area. Good sailors. Traded with Constantinople. Attempted to conquer the city, but were defeated by Sea fire After the battle, Rus Prince Vladimir sends the Byzantine emperor a peace present, the Varangian Guard- 6,000 warriors who acted as guardians to the emperor Vladimir marries Byzantine princess and convert to Eastern Orthodox religion

KIEVAN RUS Kiev was a center for trade, but susceptible to attack. The Rus converted to Byzantine Christianity. Kiev can be considered the predecessor state for modern Russia. Kiev was eventually defeated by the Mongols in 1240.

THE MONGOLS FEAST IN MOSCOW AFTER A DECISIVE VICTORY

MUSCOVY RUS Known as Appendage Russia (under the Mongols) Khanate of the Golden Horde Moscow becomes the most important economic and political Russian city under the Mongols Muscovite Princes become “tax collectors” Muscovite Princes had to be appointed my the Mongols Population shift to the northwest begins

MUSCOVY RUS

IVAN III (IVAN THE GREAT) Asserted Russian independence from the Mongols Modeled his empire after the Byzantine Empire Conquered and declared himself ruler of all Russian people Took title “Tsar” meaning Caesar Established the first united Russian State

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THE MONGOL EMPIRE

Established by Chinggis Khan Declared ruler of all Mongols in 1206 Largest land Empire of all time by 1279 Influenced Russia, China, and Persia More indirectly they affected Western Europe But not India… Like Alexander, little administration Ruthless but tolerant? Religious tolerance

THE MONGOLS IN PERSIA NOTE THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE USED

THE EMPIRE SPLIT INTO FOUR After the Great Kahn’s death, wars over succession were fought by decedents Kublai Khan established Chinese portion of the Empire This land was protected by water to the east Big advantage over the other successor states

MARCO POLO VISITS CHINA Marco Polo - an Italian explorer visited the court of Kublai Khan He traveled by sea, avoiding the Himalayas First European to document his visit to China Encouraged European trade to East Asia Inspired the European age of exploration

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