1. Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact
Chapter 11
Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact

3. Section 1 - Byzantine Western Rome collapsed – 476 AD
Byzantine flourished (Constantinople)
Justinian – had tried to regain lost Roman territory
Ruled with absolute authority
Spoke Greek (not Latin)
*Justinian Code – legal code (life, property, marriage, slavery, inheritance, criminal justice, etc.)

4. Section 1 Byzantine Constantinople - Justinian transformed city
Public works, cathedrals (Hagia Sophia)
Baths, aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals
**Preservation of Greek & Roman culture by scholars
Busy markets, street fairs
Hippodrome Theatre – chariots, musicians, races, performances
Nika Rebellion – 30,000 fans slaughtered – mad that previous riot had been put down harshly

5. Section 1 - Byzantine After Justinian’s death, problems
Plague (probably bubonic)
At height (542 AD) – 10,000 per day died!
100 million people
Invasions – Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Persians, Russians, Turks
Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453
End of Byzantine Empire

6. Section 1 - Byzantine Christianity – differs from east to west
West – Pope was the leader
East – Patriarch was the leader; Emperor had power over Church
Issues over use of icons (religious images); riots (East supported, West did not)
1054 – Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other – Christianity officially splits (schism)
Catholic and Orthodox (p. 305)

7. Byzantine Contributions
Preserved Greek culture/learning
Adopted Roman ideas of law
Preserved Christianity (Orthodox)
Great center of wealth and trade
Art, philosophy, science, literature, education
Theatres, palaces, reservoirs (engineering & architecture)

10. Section 2 - Russia
Much of Russia inhabited by Slavic farmers and traders; spoke similar language
Vikings settled and mixed – became one
Vladimir converts to Christianity (Orthodox)
Kiev becomes major city – Christianity grows

11. Section 2 - Russia
1200’s - Mongols (fierce horsemen from central Asia) under Kublai Khan then Genghis Khan sacked Kiev
Thousands slaughtered
Mongol rule
Allowed Christianity
Demanded absolute obedience
Demanded massive tributes (payments)
Failed to conquer Japan – “kamikaze” divine wind
Marco Polo spends 17 years traveling in China

12. Section 2 - Russia Princes emerge (in favor with Mongols)
Ivan I moves capital to Moscow – city grows strong and wealthy
Ivan III openly challenged Mongols – turning point – no real fighting but end of Mongol rule
Took title czar

13. Section 3 - Turks
Persians had moved into Baghdad (945) and put an end to power of caliphs
Still religious leaders but no political power
Turks growing in power (Anatolia)
Herders, traders, raiders, great military skill
Began converting to Islam and moving into Persian territory; eventually gained Persian support
Eventually took over Byzantine Empire
Had also fought Crusaders and Mongols