1. AP World History October 20, 2015

2. Warm Up – October 20, 2015 Early Medieval Europe’s strongest state was: A. The Papal States B. England C. France D. The Holy Roman Empire E. Spain

3. Agenda Intro to the Rus & the Byzantines Reminders : Chapter 9 Guided Reading due Wednesday, Chapter 10 due Friday HW – Chapter 9 & 10 Guided Reading

4. Essential Question Why do people break up?

5. Justinian & Theodora https://youtu.be/H_2E0RxVHH4 https://youtu.be/klq84Z9O4GU

6. The Great Schism In 1054 a longstanding disagreement came to a head, and the Christian church split into two groups: Western or Roman Catholic Church: Services conducted in Latin Pope is supreme religious authority Priests required to be celibate Divorce not permitted Eastern or Greek Orthodox Church: Services in Greek or local language Patriarch is head of church Under emperor’s authority Priests can marry Divorce allowed under certain conditions

9. Missionaries Eastern Orthodox missionaries spread northward into Russia and the Balkans, and created a new alphabet for Slavic languages, Cyrillic. Cyril and Methodius are the two most famous of the missionaries.

10. Kievan Rus’ Kiev began as a city along the trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople. One of the early leaders of the city, Vladimir converted to Orthodox Christianity around 1000 A.D. The City State soon developed its own version of Russian Orthodox Christianity.

12. The Emergence of Kievan Rus' Trade with Byzantines Trade with Northerners (Scandinavians) c. 855, monarchy created under Rurik Vladimir I (980-1015) Converts to Orthodoxy Controls church

13. Yaroslav I Issued a unifying code of laws, while not as advanced as Constantinople, it still had nobles called Boyars.

14. The Tartars The Russian name for the Mongols. The Invasion of Russia by Mongols, and the destruction of Constantinople by Muslims, isolated Russia. The region was cut off from western contacts, stifling economic, political, and cultural sophistication.

16. Nomads of the Asian Steppe Geography of the Steppe Steppe—dry grassland of Eurasia—provides home for nomads. Two main expanses: Central Asia to eastern Europe, and Mongolia. Steppe has little rain, dramatic seasonal temperature differences.

17. Visual 1 of Asian steppes

18. The Nomadic Way of Life Steppe nomads are pastoralists—herd domesticated animals. Way of life teaches Asian nomads to be skilled horse riders. Nomads travel in clans—kin groups are linked by a common ancestor.

19. Visual 2 nomadic tents

20. Steppe Nomads and Settled Societies Nomads and people living in settled communities often interact. Some interactions are peaceful, as in trade. Sometimes nomads raid towns and cities to seize wealth and goods. Strong state or empire could protect its lands from these invasions.

21. The Rise of the Mongols Genghis Khan Unites the Mongols About 1200, Genghis Khan—”universal ruler”— unites Mongols. In early 1200s, he begins a campaign of conquest. By 1225, Genghis Khan controls central Asia.

22. Genghis the Conqueror A brilliant organizer and strategist. Uses brutality to terrorize his enemies and force surrenders.

23. The Mongol Empire Death and Succession Genghis Khan dies in 1227. Successors continue conquests for 50 years. The Mongols conquer territory from China to Poland.

24. The Khanates In east, Mongols conquer northern China and invade Korea. In west, Mongols take Kiev and threaten Vienna and Venice. In 1250s, Mongols turn their attention to Persia. By 1260, Mongol Empire split into khanates of four regions.

25. Khanate of the Great Khan (Mongolia & China) Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia) Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia) Ilkhanate (Persia)

27. The Mongols as Rulers Mongol rulers are tolerant of other peoples and cultures. Some Mongols adopt local ways, leading to a split among khanates. The Mongol Peace Peaceful period from mid-1200s to mid-1300s is called Pax Mongolica. There was much east-west trade and exchange of ideas during this period.