EUROPEAN ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY!. SOCIOLOGY IS A RELATIVELY NEW SCIENCE IT BEGAN IN THE LATE 19 TH CENTURY, AS A RESULT OF THE PEOPLE WHO MOVED TO THE CITIES.

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Presentation transcript:

EUROPEAN ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY!

SOCIOLOGY IS A RELATIVELY NEW SCIENCE IT BEGAN IN THE LATE 19 TH CENTURY, AS A RESULT OF THE PEOPLE WHO MOVED TO THE CITIES FROM THE RURAL FARMS. SCIENTISTS BECAME OBSESSED WITH THE UNREST THAT DEVELOPED IN THE CITIES.

AUGUSTE COMTE ( ) FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY POSITIVISM IS THE IDEA THAT ALL SOCIOLOGY MUST BE BASED UPON SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION SOCIAL STATISTICS: THE STUDY OF SOCIAL STABILITY AND ORDER SOCIAL DYNAMICS: THE STUDY OF SOCIAL CHANGE WROTE: POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY

HARRIET MARTINEAU ( ) SHE WAS A BEST SELLING WRITER DURING HER TIME TRANSLATED COMTE’S POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY HER BOOK, SOCIETY IN AMERICA, MADE A CONNECTION BETWEEN WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ENSLAVED PEOPLE

KARL MARX ( ) HE DID NOT CONSIDER HIMSELF A SOCIOLOGIST HE BELIEVED THAT SOCIETY WOULD EVENTUALLY DISSOLVE TO TWO CLASSES: THE BOURGEOISIE (BUSINESS OWNERS) AND THE PROLETARIAT (WORKERS WHO ARE PAID JUST ENOUGH TO SURVIVE) HE THOUGHT THE POOR WOULD RISE UP AND DESTROY THE RICH. SOCIETY WOULD THEN BECOME CLASSLESS THEREFORE, PEOPLE SHOULD GO AHEAD AND PLAN THEIR OWN REVOLUTIONS

HERBERT SPENCER ( ) THE ONLY CHILD OF NINE TO REACH ADULTHOOD HE COMPARED SOCIETY TO HUMAN BODY: EACH DOES ITS OWN THING BUT WORKS TOGETHER, HEART/LUNGS/EYES VS RELIGION/GOVMENT/FAMILY SOCIAL CHANGE BASED UPON DARWIN’S THEORIES, SOCIAL DARWINISM SOCIETY SHOULDN’T INTERFERE WITH THE RICH OR POOR

EMILE DURKHEIM ( ) BELIEVED IN MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY: SOCIAL DEPENDENCY BASED ON A WIDESPREAD CONSENSUS OF VALUES AND BELIEFS AND DEPENDENCE ON TRADITION AND FAMILY ORGANIC SOLIDARITY: SOCIAL INTERDEPENDENCY BASED ON A HIGH DEGREE OF SPECIALIZATION OF ROLES HE USED STATISTICS TO PROVE HIS IDEAS

MAX WEBER ( ) SOCIOLOGISTS MUST DISCOVER THE PERSONAL MEANINGS, VALUES, BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES UNDERLYING THE HUMAN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR HE BELIEVED IN VERSTEHEN: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL BEHAVIOR BY PUTTING YOURSELF IN THE PLACES OF OTHERS HE ALSO IDENTIFIED “RATIONALIZATION”: THE MIND-SET EMPHASIZING KNOWLEDGE, REASON AND PLANNING (EXAMPLE: FARMING BASED ON KNOWLEDGE RATHER THAN SUPERSTITION)