Tennessee Standards 8.8 Describe the location and reasons for French exploration and settlements in North America, including the Huguenots. (E, G, H, P) 8.19 Describe the causes, course, and outcome of the French and Indian War, including the massacre at Fort Loudoun. (C, G, H, P, TN) 8.20 Explain the impact of individuals who created interest in the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, including: (C, G, H, TN) _long hunters _Wilderness Road _Daniel Boone _William Bean _Thomas Sharpe Spencer _Dr. Thomas Walker 8.21 Summarize the major events of the Watauga Settlement, including: (E, P, TN) _Battle of Alamance and Regulators _Watauga Purchase and Compact _James Robertson _Little Carpenter, Dragging Canoe

Tennessee Standards 8.26 Summarize the effect of the Revolution on the Wataugans and the reasons, plans, and struggles in creating the Cumberland Settlement, including: (G, P, TN) _formation of Washington District _Cherokee War _Nancy Ward _Watauga Petitions _Transylvania Purchase _Richard Henderson _James Robertson _John Donelson _severe winter and river travel _Cumberland Compact _Indian attacks _Battle of the Bluffs 8.39 Identify the leaders and events and analyze the impact of western expansion to the development of Tennessee statehood, including: (G, H, P, TN) _William Blount _John Sevier _Rocky Mount _Treaty of Holston _Cumberland Gap _River systems _Natchez Trace _Jackson Purchase

Objectives Explain the impact of individuals who created interest in the land west of the Appalachian Mountains Summarize the major events of the Watauga Settlement

Terms Huguenots: French protestants who came to America for religious freedom. Longhunter: residents of frontier settlements that spent long periods of time exploring and hunting in the mountains of Tennessee and Kentucky James Needham and Gabriel Arthur: crossed the Appalachian Mountains to set up a trading partnership with the Cherokee. Needham was killed on a return trip to get trade goods. Arthur remained with the Cherokee.

Terms Dr. Thomas Walker: Founding member of the Loyal Land Company who renewed interest in Appalachian Mountains. He named the Cumberland Gap when leading a expedition. Watauga Association: A government of five commissioners that was established by the settlers beyond the boundaries of the land claimed by Britain. Richard Henderson: part of the Watauga Association who purchased large tracts of Cherokee lands (Transylvania Purchase) in Kentucky and Tennessee.

Terms Nancy Ward: Cherokee woman who warned the Watauga Association that the Cherokee were going to attack. She worked for better relations between the Natives and settlers. Daniel Boone: explored vast areas of Kentucky and Tennessee. He moved his family to the Watauga Association. John Donelson: led a group of settlers to French Lick (later Nashville) Cumberland Compact: set up a representative government for the people in the settlement.

Terms Dragging Canoe: Cherokee warrior who opposed the purchase

Early history New France: The French established their colonies along the Mississippi River The British build Fort Loudoun near present day Vonore, Tennessee. It was meant to protect the Cherokee from French attack during the French and Indian War. There were conflicts between the British and the Cherokee. The Cherokee attacked Fort Loudoun and massacred the British soldiers in the fort

Exploring the West Longhunter would spend several weeks in the wilderness. Uriah Stone explored the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers (Stone’s River is named for him). Knowing the river systems was very important (water, transportation) James Needham and Gabriel Arthur Two English traders James Needham and Gabriel Arthur crossed the Appalachian Mountains to set up a trading partnership with the Cherokee. Needham was killed by his guide on a return trip. Arthur stayed with the Cherokee and took a Cherokee wife

Dr. Thomas Walker Dr. Thomas Walker a member of the Loyal Land Company led an expedition where he named the Cumberland Gap. He kept a journal of topographical feature.

Revolutionary War Era Many of the Regulators (those who opposed political corruption and excessive taxes in North Carolina) crossed the mountains into present day Tennessee. They formed the Watauga Association. Richard Henderson purchased large tracts of Cherokee land (Transylvania Purchase). Little Carpenter was the negotiator. Then they purchased the Watauga Purchase

Revolutionary War years Nancy Ward warned the Watauga Association of an attack by the Cherokee. In 1775 The Watauga Association sided with the British. They fought in the Battle of King’s Mountain. Daniel Boone was hired to explore and settle the area. Boone defended the area from the British Native American allies. Settlers attacked the Cherokee towns. Cherokee war ended with the Treaty of Long Island of Holston. Land was transferred to the settlers. Nancy Ward urged peace.

How the Revolution Affected Wataugans The people in the Watauga settlements petitioned North Carolina to recognize their government (Watauga Petition). North Carolina created Washington County – all of Tennessee. John Donelson and James Robertson led a settlement to the Transylvania Purchase. They traveled to French Lick – animals came to lick the natural occurring salt and minerals. This was called Nashville. Robertson’s group traveled overland. Donelson’s group traveled down the Tennessee River. They signed the Cumberland Compact (representative government in the settlement) Chickamaugas led by Dragging Canoe fought to prevent the setters from settling the area. The Battle of the Bluffs - - the Chickamaugas lost – they attacked Fort Nashborough.