Chapter 3, Socialization The Self and Self-concept Learning to Be Human Theories of Socialization Socialization Through the Life Course Agents of Socialization.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3, Socialization The Self and Self-concept Learning to Be Human Theories of Socialization Socialization Through the Life Course Agents of Socialization

Theories of Socialization Freudian theory Piaget and cognitive development Symbolic interaction theory The structural school

Freudian Theory Socialization is a contest between Biological drives (id) Notions of right and wrong (super ego) Internalized as what we would call conscience.

Piaget and Cognitive Development 4 stage model of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor stage - birth to 2, children are focused on the immediate input of their senses. 2. preoperational stage - 2 to 7, children learn use of language, but without understanding of cause and effect relationships.

Piaget and Cognitive Development 3. concrete operational stage - after 7, children develop understanding of cause and effect relationships. 4. formal operational stage - comprehend concrete and abstract relationships like those of algebra.

Symbolic Interaction Theory Three basic premises: We need to know what symbols mean to individuals. We need to recognize that those meanings depend on relationships. Individuals negotiate their sense of who they are - their self-concepts.

The Looking Glass Self Sociologist Charles Horton Cooley We imagine how we appear to others. We imagine how others judge our appearance. We respond to these perceived judgments by altering our self-concept.

Socialization through the Life Course Childhood - primary socialization. Adolescence - anticipatory socialization. Adulthood - professional socialization. Age 65 and beyond - role exits

Agents of Socialization Family - the most significant setting for the socialization most of us undergo. Schools - training grounds for accepting authority and preparing for work roles. Peers - source of norms, attitudes, beliefs, and values that may conflict with family’s.

Agents of Socialization Mass media - reinforces and supports norms and beliefs we already adhere to. Religion - religious affiliation may serve mainly to instill and support moral values. The workplace - forging important social identities and important attitudes and values.

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