1. SOCIALIZATION INTO THE SELF AND MIND Sociology – Chapter 3 – Mrs. Madison

2. Cooley & Looking-Glass Self  Our sense of self develops from interaction with others.  Looking-Glass Self: The process by which our self develops through internalizing others’ reactions to us 1. We imagine how we appear to those around us. 2. We interpret others’ reactions. 3. We develop a self-concept.

3. Mead and Role-Taking  Play is crucial to the development of a self.  In play, children learn to take the role of the other  Putting oneself in someone else’s shoes  Understanding how someone else feels and thinks and thus anticipating how that person will act  First able to take only the role of significant others, but eventually extends to the “group as a whole”, or generalized other.

4. Mead and Role-Taking  Stages of Learning to Take the Role of the Other  Imitation:

5. Mead and Role-Taking  Stages of Learning to Take the Role of the Other  Play (Ages 3-6) Play “pretend others”

6. Mead and Role-Taking  Stages of Learning to Take the Role of the Other  Team Games (After about age 6 or 7) Individual must be able to take multiple roles

7. Mead and Role-Taking  Mead said there are two parts to the self:  The “I” The self as a subject The active, creative, spontaneous part of a self  The “Me” The self as an object Attitudes we internalize from actions with others  Ex: “I shoved him.” versus “He shoved me.”  Both the self and human mind are social products

8. Piaget & the Development of Reasoning  Concluded children go through four stages as they learn how to reason.  Sensorimotor Stage: (Birth through about age 2)  Understanding is limited to direct contact with environment – sucking, touching, listening, looking.  Infants do not recognize they are separate beings.  Infants can not recognize cause and effect.

9. Piaget & the Development of Reasoning  Preoperational Stage: (About age 2 to 7)  Children develop the ability to use symbols  Do not understand concepts such as size, speed, or causation  Do not have the ability to take the role of others

10. Piaget & the Development of Reasoning  Concrete Operational Stage: (About Age 7-12)  Reasoning abilities are more developed, but concrete  Children can understand number, causation, speed  Children can take the role of others  Unable to talk about concepts such as truth, honesty, and justice without concrete examples.

11. Piaget & the Development of Reasoning  Formal Operational Stage: (After the age of about 12)  Children are capable of abstract thinking.  Can talk about concepts, come to conclusions based on general principles, and use rules to solve abstract problems.  Some people never reach this stage.