1. CHAPTER 5 Socializing the Individual
Sociology
4/14/2017
CHAPTER 5 Socializing the Individual
Section 1: Personality Development
Section 2: The Social Self
Section 3: Agents of Socialization
Chapter 5

2. Objectives: Section 1: Personality Development
Identify the four main factors that affect the development of personality.
Explain how isolation in childhood affects development.

3. Factors That Shape Personality Development
Section 1: Personality Development
Factors That Shape Personality Development
Heredity – physical traits, aptitudes, inherited characteristics, biological drives
Parents – parental characteristics, such as age, education, religion, and economic status
Birth order – personalities are shaped by whether one has siblings
Cultural environment – determines the basic personality types found in a society

4. Isolation in Childhood and Development
Section 1: Personality Development
Isolation in Childhood and Development
Research shows that a healthy cultural environment is essential for a child’s full development
Isolation can lead to severe effects such as causing children to waste away and die or to have stunted development

5. Objectives: Section 2: The Social Self
Explain how a person’s sense of self emerges.
Identify and describe the theories that have been put forth to explain the process of socialization.

6. How Sense of Self Emerges
Section 2: The Social Self
How Sense of Self Emerges
Through interaction with social and cultural environments people are transformed into members of society
The interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society is called socialization

7. Three Theories of Socialization
Section 2: The Social Self
Three Theories of Socialization
John Locke – The Tabula Rosa
Charles Horton Cooley – The Looking Glass Self
George Herbert Mead – Role-Taking

8. John Locke – The Tabula Rosa
Section 2: The Social Self
John Locke – The Tabula Rosa
Each person is a blank slate at birth, with no personality.
People develop personality as a result of their social experiences.
Moreover, infants can be molded into any type of person.

9. Charles Horton Cooley – The Looking Glass Self
Section 2: The Social Self
Charles Horton Cooley – The Looking Glass Self
Infants have no sense of person or place.
Children develop an image of themselves based on how others see them.
Other people act as a mirror, reflecting back the image a child projects through their reactions to the child’s behavior.

10. George Herbert Mead – Role-Taking
Section 2: The Social Self
George Herbert Mead – Role-Taking
People not only come to see themselves as others see them but also take on or pretend to take on the roles of others through imitation, play, and games.
This process enables people to anticipate what others expect of them.

11. Objectives: Section 3: Agents of Socialization
Identify the most important agents of socialization in the United States.
Explain why family and education are important social institutions.

12. Agents of Socialization
Section 3: Agents of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Family – most important agent
Peer group – primary group composed of individuals of roughly equal age and social characteristics, particularly influential during pre-teenage and early teenage years
School – plays a major role
Mass media – books, films, the Internet, magazines and television, not face-to-face

13. Importance of Family and Education
Section 3: Agents of Socialization
Importance of Family and Education
Teach children important life skills
Teach values, norms and beliefs