1. Socialization
What makes us human?

3. Nature or Nurture?
Feral children

4. Is social experience crucial in forming personality?
Anna & Isabelle
Effect of minimal human contact
Without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action
Institutionalized patient

5. What about isolation in other species?
Harlow monkey studies
Isolation produced permanent developmental damage in both humans and monkeys

6. Do you remember? What did feral children show us?
What did Anna and Isabelle show us?
What did the Harlow monkey studies show us?

7. What are the results of socialization?
Personality
Thought
The social self

8. How did you develop your personality?

9. Personality Sigmund Freud Humans internalize social norms
Id = Basic drives
Ego = Balance
Superego = Conscience
Culture
Humans internalize social norms

10. How did you learn to think and reason?
Jean Piaget
Cognition (thinking)

11. What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
Object permanence
Preoperational stage (2-7)
Use of language
Egocentric
Concrete operations stage (7-12)
Logic develops - “Conservation of matter”
Formal operations
Abstract thought - imagine alternatives

12. Who do you think you are?

13. What is your social self?
George H. Mead’s idea
The “self” comes from social experience
Self-awareness and self image
Generalized other
Cultural norms & values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves.
“Taking the role of the other”
Imaging the situation from another person’s point of view

14. How do we develop the “Generalized Other”?
Imitation
Play
Game
Generalized other

15. What is another idea about your social self?
Charles H. Cooley’s idea
The Looking-glass Self
People see themselves the way they think others see them.

16. Do you remember?
What are Freud’s three parts of the personality? What does each do?
How did Mead think you developed your self image?
How did Cooley think you developed your self image?

17. What do you think is good – bad – right – wrong?
How did you develop your morality?

18. What are the stages in Kolberg’s moral reasoning?
Preconventional (0-9 yrs)
Self interest
Avoid punishment
Conventional (To adolescence)
Upholding laws
Postconventional (Adult)
“What is right”
Ethical principles

19. Can a person be re-socialized?
Re-socialization
Radically changing a personality
Goffman = Re-socialization is breaking down an old identity, then building a new identity
Total institutions
Cult
Military boot camp
Prison

20. Do you remember?
What are the stages in Kolberg’s development of moral reasoning?
Why do people do what they think is right in each of these stages?
What is the process of re-socialization?