1. Chapter 4, Socialization
The Socialization Process
Theories of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Growing up in a Diverse Society
Socializing Across the Life Cycle
Resocialization

2. The Socialization Process
The process by which humans learn the expectations of society.
Different for each individual depending on race, gender, class, attractiveness, personality.

3. Consequences of Socialization
Establishes self-concepts.
Creates the capacity for role taking.
Creates the tendency for people to act in socially acceptable ways.
Makes people bearers of culture.

4. Theories of Socialization
Psychoanalytic Theory - the self is driven by unconscious drives and forces that interact with the expectations of society.
Object Relations Theory - the development of the self is the result of individuation and attachment in relationship to parenting figures.

5. Theories of Socialization
Social Learning Theory - identity is a learned response to social stimuli.
Symbolic Interaction Theory -people construct the self as they interact with the environment and give meaning to their experience.  

6. Piaget: Social Learning Theory
Children go through stages of cognitive development : sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Altering the social environment can change behavior.

7. The Looking-glass Self
How we think we appear to others.
How we think others judge us.
How the first two makes us feel - proud, embarrassed or something else.

8. Mead: Taking the Role of the Other
Imitation stage - children imitate the behavior of those around them.
Play stage - children take on the role of significant others.
Game stage - children internalize an abstract understanding of how society sees them.

9. Agents of Socialization
Family
Media
Peers
Religion
Sports
Schools

10. Socialization Across the Life Cycle
Childhood - establishes one’s initial identity and values.
Adolescence - formation of a consistent identity.
Adulthood and Old Age - learning new roles and expectations in adult life.