Progressivism Reform movements that sought to raise living standards and correct wrongs in American society

Muckraker Writer who exposed corruption in American society

Initiative Reform that allowed voters to propose a law directly

Referendum In this reform, a proposed law was submitted to the vote of the people

Recall This reform allowed people to vote an official out of office

Conservation Controlling resource usage

Patronage Exchanging government jobs and contracts for political support

Sherman Antitrust Act Law that made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts

Theodore Roosevelt President who led progressive reforms

The Rise of Progressivism 1. Problems that needed to be fixed: Poor factory conditions, poverty, corruption in politics, slums, and a depression 2. Reformers tried to change fix these problems. This era was labeled progressivism. 3. Muckrakers began to expose corruption in American society 4. Three main goals of reformers: change government, help people, change the economy

Reforming Government and Expanding Democracy 1. patronage was replaced by Pendleton Civil Service Act in People had to take a test for certain government jobs. 2. voters gained more control through direct primaries 3. Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Promoting Social Welfare 1. Hull House provided social services to the poor 2. Prohibitionists worked to prevent alcohol abuse

Creating Economic Reform 1. Reformers wanted to take away trusts from big companies 2. Sherman Antitrust Act made it illegal for corporations to become monopolies

Roosevelt and the Square Deal 1. Roosevelt became vice president under McKinley 2. McKinley was assassinated and Roosevelt became president 3. Roosevelt saw governments job as an umpire or to keep things fair for workers, consumers, and big business 4. Roosevelt used the Sherman Antitrust Act 5. His first target was the railroad companies 6. He also went after oil and tobacco trusts

Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms 1. Voters began pressuring politicians for change 2. Roosevelt wanted to regulate the meat- pacing industry after reading Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle 3. He signed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act 4. However, he did not take the political risk of fighting for African American civil rights.

Conservation 1. Roosevelt wanted preserve and protect natural resources 2. He doubled the number of national parks 3. He used the Antiquities Act to create national monuments 4. William Howard Taft was not interested in conservation but continued Roosevelt’s progressive reforms

1) What did Theodore Roosevelt mean by a “square deal”? A) He wanted each economic deal to have four steps B) He believed the economy would prosper if he cut taxes C) He wanted to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and big business D) He believed that the country could have economic equality only when all trusts were destroyed

2) Who were the muckrakers? A) a group of meat-packers in an unsanitary Chicago meat-packing house B) a group of writers who revealed corruption and inspired reform C) a group of suffragists who marched in front of the Capitol D) a group of prohibitionists who smashed saloons with hatchets

3) The three basic goals of progressivism were… A) promoting social welfare, expanding democracy, and pursuing a strong foreign policy B) expanding democracy, creating economic reform, and advancing civil rights for African Americans C) pursuing a strong foreign policy, conserving natural resources, and expanding democracy D) promoting social welfare, expanding democracy, and creating economic reform

4) The Sherman Antitrust Act made it illegal for corporations to A) gain control of industries B) cut prices C) make large profits D) raise prices

5) A progressive law to promote democracy was the A) Pendleton Civil Service Act B) Pure Food and Drug Act C) Sherman Antitrust Act D) Meat Inspection Act

William Howard Taft Republican elected president in 1908

Sixteenth Amendment Amendment that gave Congress the power to create income taxes

Seventeenth Amendment Amendment that provided for direct election of U.S. senators

Clayton Antitrust Act Legislation that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act’s power

Federal Reserve Act Law that created the modern banking system

Eighteenth Amendment Amendment enacting Prohibition

Taft and Progressivism 1. Taft was Roosevelt's handpicked successor. Neither Debs nor Bryan stood a chance 2. Taft continued Roosevelt’s attack on trusts 3. He pursued almost twice as many antitrust suits as Roosevelt

Two Progressive Amendments 1. The Sixteenth Amendment pass in 1909 and gave Congress the power to create income taxes. 2. The Seventeenth Amendment was ratified in 1913 and allowed voters to elect senators rather than by state legislatures

The Election of Taft was the Republican Part’s nominee 2. Roosevelt wanted to run again so he created the Progressive Party 3. The Democrats chose governor of New Jersey Woodrow Wilson. Wilson won the election because the Republicans were deeply divided.

The Wilson Presidency 1. Wilson wanted the government to use its powers to break up monopolies 2. Wilson urged Congress to pass the Clayton Antitrust Act to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act the Federal Reserve Act was passed. This created the modern banking system we have now 4. The Federal Reserve Act created a more flexible currency system 5. Fed board  12 Fed Banks  member banks. 6. Throughout the Progressive Era, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson did not promote civil rights for African Americans.

The Eighteenth Amendment 1. Supporters thought an alcohol ban would reduce poverty , the states ratified the Eighteenth Amendment prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

Bell Work 1) How did Wilson win the presidency in ) Explain how the 16 th amendment will affect your life outside of this class. 3) Compare and contrast Taft and Roosevelt

1) What established the income tax? A) Sherman Antitrust Act B) The 17 th Amendment C) The 16 th Amendment D) The Clayton Antitrust Act

2) Which was NOT supported by presidents Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson? A) Civil Rights B) Trust-Busting C) Conservation D) Woman Suffrage

3) What did the Federal Reserve Act do? A) It prevented companies from purchasing competitors stock. B) It gave the federal government more power to control the money supply. C) It outlawed practices that blocked fair economic competition, D) It gave President Wilson the authority to break up trusts.

4) The Seventeenth Amendment was an important progressive achievement because it A) gave state legislatures the right to choose U.S. senators B) gave Congress the right to create federal income taxes C) allowed Taft to continue Roosevelt's attacks on trusts D) gave voters the right to directly elect U.S. senators

5) The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 was important to laborers because it A) created a flexible currency system B) prohibited businesses from buying competitor's stock C) legalized strikes D) reformed the nation's financial system

Prohibition Legal ban on the production, possession, and sale of alcohol

Susan B. Anthony Fought for woman suffrage

Carrie Chapman Catt President of National American Woman Suffrage Association

Nineteenth Amendment Constitutional amendment that gave women the vote

New Roles for Women 1. Growth of industry changed home life by providing running water and electric power 2. Factories also produced products that women once made in the home like soap and clothing. This freed up time. 3. Women had time to go to school and take economics or domestic science 4. Some women took jobs in factories, offices, and stores. Women also worked as telephone operators, store clerks, and typists. Women that went to college could be nurses or teachers.

Women Progressives 1. Women also helped in settlement houses and worked on social reform movements like prohibition. 2. Jane Addams was a good example of a progressive female leader. 3. Addams and her friend Ellen Starr opened the Hull House with 90 volunteers in an immigrant neighborhood.

Cont. 4. Some volunteered at the Hull House to gain experience so that they could become leaders of other movements 5. Florence Kelley worked at Hull House and later became secretary of National Consumers League. This group fought for better working conditions in factories. 6. Carry Nation was another progressive leader campaigning for prohibition.

Suffrage for Women 1. Many women progressives fought for woman suffrage 2. Two woman suffrage groups merged to form National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) 3. At first they focused on winning the right to vote state by state

The Nineteenth Amendment 1. By 1919, the Western half of the U.S. gave women the right to vote. 2. World War I made the final difference because women were selling war bonds and organizing benefits. 3. in 1918 the House passed the Nineteenth Amendment, 1919 the Senate approved it, and 1920 the states ratified it.