1. The Progressive Era,
1890–1920
The nation faces social and political problems at the turn of the 20th century.
People work in various ways to solve these problems.
President Theodore Roosevelt delivering a speech.
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2. The Progressive Era, 1890–1920 SECTION 1 Roosevelt and Progressivism
Taft and Wilson as Progressives
SECTION 3
Women Win New Rights
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3. Roosevelt and Progressivism
Section 1
Roosevelt and Progressivism
Reformers try to solve the problems of the cities. They gain a champion in
Theodore Roosevelt.
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4. Roosevelt and Progressivism1
SECTION
Roosevelt and Progressivism
The Rise of Progressivism
• Rapid growth of U.S. cities brings many
problems, including:
- poverty
- spread of slums
- poor conditions in factories
• Reform movements organize, believe in goodness of people, democracy
• Reform movements come to be grouped under the label progressivism.
Continued . . .
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5. • Progressive reformers share at least 1 of 3 basic goals:
SECTION
continued The Rise of Progressivism
• Writers called muckrakers expose corruption, create demand for reform
Image
• Progressive reformers share at least 1 of 3
basic goals:
- reform government, expand democracy
- promote social welfare
- create economic reform
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6. Reforming Government and Expanding Democracy1
SECTION
Reforming Government and
Expanding Democracy
• Patronage—elected officials give jobs, contracts for political support
• Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883):
- requires people to take civil service exam for certain government jobs
- stops officials from firing civil service workers for political reasons
Continued . . .
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7. • Wisconsin becomes first state to establish a direct primary1
SECTION
continued Reforming Government and Expanding Democracy
• Wisconsin becomes first state to establish a direct primary
• Direct primary—voters not party choose candidates
• Newspaper editor William S. U’Ren promotes 3 more reforms:
- initiative—allows voters to propose a law directly
- referendum—proposed law is submitted to vote of the people
- recall—allows people to vote an official out of office
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8. Promoting Social Welfare1
SECTION
Promoting Social Welfare
• Movements deal with poverty, unemployment, bad working conditions
• Jane Addams helps poor at Hull House, helps unemployed
• Florence Kelley pushes for minimum wage laws, limits on working hours
Image
• Prohibitionists work to prevent alcohol from ruining people’s lives
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9. Creating Economic Reform1
SECTION
Creating Economic Reform
• Economic reform limits, regulates big business
• Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890:
- illegal for corporations to use trusts to gain
control of industries
- government does not enforce law at first
• Enforcement requires a strong president
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10. Roosevelt and the Square Deal1
SECTION
Roosevelt and the Square Deal
• Theodore Roosevelt—1st progressive
U.S. president
• Runs on Republican ticket, President McKinley’s vice president (1900)
• After inauguration, McKinley killed, Roosevelt becomes president
• Sees government as an umpire:
- ensure fairness, “square deal” for workers, consumers, big business
• Uses Sherman Antitrust Act to bust up railroad trust, Standard Oil
Image
• U.S. government files suit against 44 corporations
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11. Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms1
SECTION
Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms
• Voters pressure senators, representatives to pass reforms
• Roosevelt signs Meat Inspection Act (1906):
- creates government meat inspection program
• Signs Pure Food and Drug Act:
- bans the sale of impure foods and medicines
• Does not take political risk by leading fight for civil rights
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12. Conservation 1 • Roosevelt, a strong crusader for conservation
SECTION
Conservation
• Roosevelt, a strong crusader for conservation
• Conservation—controlling the use of America’s natural resources
• Sets up 1st wildlife refuge, doubles number of U.S. national parks
Map
• Uses Antiquities Act to preserve the Grand Canyon, Petrified Forest
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13. Taft and Wilson as Progressives
Section 2
Taft and Wilson as Progressives
Progressive reforms continue under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson.
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14. Taft and Wilson as Progressives2
SECTION
Taft and Wilson as Progressives
Taft and Progressivism
• Republican William Howard Taft wins presidential election (1908)
Image
• Continues Roosevelt’s attack on trusts, addresses progressive goals:
- democracy, social welfare, economic reform
• Receives less credit because of alliance with conservative Republicans
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15. Two Progressive Amendments2
SECTION
Two Progressive Amendments
• Sixteenth Amendment (1909):
- gives Congress power to create income taxes
- spreads cost of running government among
more people
Chart
• Seventeenth Amendment (1913):
- provides direct election of U.S. senators by voters in each state
- senators no longer can obtain positions through
corrupt bargains
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16. 2
SECTION
The Election of 1912
• Conservative Republicans back President Taft, wins party’s nomination
• Progressive Republicans back Theodore Roosevelt, form Bull Moose Party
• Democrats choose Governor Woodrow Wilson as presidential candidate
• Eugene Debs enters presidential race as
Socialist candidate
• Republicans deeply divided, Wilson wins
the election
Chart
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17. The Wilson Presidency 2 • Clayton Antitrust Act (1914):
SECTION
The Wilson Presidency
• Clayton Antitrust Act (1914):
- sets rules forbidding business practices that
lessen competition
- gives government more power to regulate trusts
- allows labor unions, farm organizations to
merge, expand
- limits power of courts to force workers to
end strikes
- legalizes labor tactics like strikes,
picketing, boycotts
Continued . . .
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18. • Federal Reserve Act (1913): 2
SECTION
continued The Wilson Presidency
• Federal Reserve Act (1913):
- improves nation’s monetary, banking system
- allows banks to control money supplies
• Wilson approves segregation of black, white
federal employees
• Does not promote civil rights for African Americans
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19. The Eighteenth Amendment2
SECTION
The Eighteenth Amendment
• Supporters of prohibition gain strength during Wilson’s presidency
• Congress passes 18th Amendment (1917):
- prohibits manufacture, sale of
alcoholic beverages
Chart
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20. Women Win New Rights Section 3
Women become leaders in social reform movements and win the right to vote
during the Progressive Era.
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21. Women Win New Rights New Roles for Women 3
SECTION
Women Win New Rights
New Roles for Women
• Technological advances reduce work at home, families get smaller
Image
• Schools offer courses that teach women latest homemaking methods
• More women take jobs in factories, offices, stores
• Some get college education, pursue professions like nursing, teaching
• If financially possible, women expected to quit jobs when they marry
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22. Women Progressives 3 • Partake in social reform movements that
SECTION
Women Progressives
• Partake in social reform movements that
help others
• Jane Addams starts Hull House, helps immigrants, unemployed find jobs
• Hull House provides day nurseries, training for public services
• Carry Nation campaigns for prohibition, helps passage 18th Amendment
Image
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23. Suffrage for Women 3 • 2 woman suffrage groups merge
SECTION
Suffrage for Women
• 2 woman suffrage groups merge
• Form National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton is 1st president
• Susan B. Anthony becomes group’s
president (1892)
• NAWSA focuses on state campaigns to win right
to vote
• By 1914, 11 Western states approved suffrage
Map
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24. The Nineteenth Amendment3
SECTION
The Nineteenth Amendment
• Tide turns in favor of woman suffrage, U.S. enters WW I (1917)
• Carrie Chapman Catt president of NAWSA
• Catt argues U.S. cannot deny vote to women who support war effort
• President Wilson urges Senate to pass woman suffrage amendment
• U.S. states ratify Nineteenth Amendment (1920):
- gives women full voting rights
Image
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