1. The Progressive Era 1890-1920 Roosevelt and Progressivism Chapter 21 Section 1

2. The Rise of Progressivism What problems did reformers seek to solve? What problems did reformers seek to solve? Problems from rapid growth of cities and industry. Problems from rapid growth of cities and industry. Political and social reform movements emerged. Political and social reform movements emerged. Progressivism – to promote social welfare; to expand democracy, and to create economic reform. Progressivism – to promote social welfare; to expand democracy, and to create economic reform.

3. Promoting Social Reform Progressive movement helped by journalists – muckrakers – tried to discover corruption in society. Fueled public demand for reform. Progressive movement helped by journalists – muckrakers – tried to discover corruption in society. Fueled public demand for reform. Social reform – help the poor, the unemployed, immigrants, and workers. Social reform – help the poor, the unemployed, immigrants, and workers. Provided education, community centers, limits on working hours, minimum wage laws; Prohibitionist –prevent alcohol sales and manufacturing. (temperance movement) Provided education, community centers, limits on working hours, minimum wage laws; Prohibitionist –prevent alcohol sales and manufacturing. (temperance movement)

4. Expanding Democracy Patronage – giving jobs in exchange for political support. Patronage – giving jobs in exchange for political support. Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 –pass a test for gov. jobs and no firing for political reasons. Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 –pass a test for gov. jobs and no firing for political reasons. Direct Primary –voters could choose candidates for public office. Direct Primary –voters could choose candidates for public office. Initiative- voters may directly propose laws. Initiative- voters may directly propose laws. Referendum – Voters can approve proposed laws. Referendum – Voters can approve proposed laws. Recall – Elected officials can be voted out of office. Recall – Elected officials can be voted out of office.

5. Creating Economic Reform Trusts – created to cut prices and squeeze out competition. Raise prices and make large profits. Trusts – created to cut prices and squeeze out competition. Raise prices and make large profits. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 – made trust illegal; but not enforced yet. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 – made trust illegal; but not enforced yet. Identify problems that progressive reformers wanted to solve. Identify problems that progressive reformers wanted to solve.

6. Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal What was Roosevelt’s Square Deal? What was Roosevelt’s Square Deal? 1901 – Roosevelt youngest president that the nation had ever had. 1901 – Roosevelt youngest president that the nation had ever had. Known for fighting corruption; government’s purpose was to ensure fairness. Known for fighting corruption; government’s purpose was to ensure fairness. Square Deal – policy to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and big business. Square Deal – policy to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and big business. Enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act – targeted railroads; Standard Oil Co. and tobacco. Enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act – targeted railroads; Standard Oil Co. and tobacco.

7. Protecting Consumers Upton Sinclair’s – The Jungle – exposed sanitary conditions of the meat packing industry. Upton Sinclair’s – The Jungle – exposed sanitary conditions of the meat packing industry. Meat Inspection Act – created government inspection of meat program. Meat Inspection Act – created government inspection of meat program. Pure Food and Drug Act – banned the sale of impure foods and medicines. Pure Food and Drug Act – banned the sale of impure foods and medicines.

8. Conserving Natural Resources Strong crusader for conservation – controlling how natural resources were used. Strong crusader for conservation – controlling how natural resources were used. Preserved Grand Canyon; Muir Woods(CA); wildlife refuge at Pelican Island (FL). Preserved Grand Canyon; Muir Woods(CA); wildlife refuge at Pelican Island (FL). Created the U.S. Forest Service Created the U.S. Forest Service Name the accomplishments of Roosevelt’s Square Deal. Name the accomplishments of Roosevelt’s Square Deal.

9. Roosevelt’s Civil Rights Dilemma What was Roosevelt’s civil rights dilemma? What was Roosevelt’s civil rights dilemma? Did not push for civil rights and suffrage, but did feel African-Americans would achieve if given the same opportunities as whites. Did not push for civil rights and suffrage, but did feel African-Americans would achieve if given the same opportunities as whites. Appointed African Americans to Souther political offices; denounced lynching. Appointed African Americans to Souther political offices; denounced lynching.

10. Fierce Opposition Invited Booker T. Washington to stay for dinner after a meeting in the White House. Invited Booker T. Washington to stay for dinner after a meeting in the White House. Angered many Southerners. Angered many Southerners. Afraid it might hurt his bid for re-election; never asked an African American to dinner again. Afraid it might hurt his bid for re-election; never asked an African American to dinner again. Re-elected, but no more to advance African American rights; Atlanta race riots; AA soldiers discharged for allegedly conspiring to protect fellow AA soldiers. Re-elected, but no more to advance African American rights; Atlanta race riots; AA soldiers discharged for allegedly conspiring to protect fellow AA soldiers.