1. Power Presentations CHAPTER 22

3. Image Impact of the Individual It is 1901 and Theodore Roosevelt has suddenly become president. You and all Americans are counting on him to help end child labor, poverty, business abuses, and political corruption. You’re anxious to see what actions the new president will take to solve these problems. How would you solve one of these problems?

4. What different social problems did Americans face? What qualities would a leader need to tackle such problems? What might be the cause of these different problems?

5. 1920 19th Amendment grants women the right to vote. 1919 18th Amendment outlaws alcohol. 1913 17th Amendment provides for direct election of senators. Image 1912 Woodrow Wilson is elected president. 1908 William Howard Taft is elected president. 1904 Roosevelt is re-elected president. 1901 McKinley is assassinated, and Theodore Roosevelt becomes president. 1896 William McKinley is elected president. To World 1890 Congress passes Sherman Antitrust Act.

6. 1913 Gandhi, leader of Indian resistance movement, is arrested. 1910 Union of South Africa is established. 1900 Boxer uprising against foreigners begins in China. 1894 Uganda becomes a British protectorate. 1892 Gladstone becomes prime minister of Great Britain. Back to Home Back to U.S. 1890 German leader Bismarck is dismissed by Kaiser Wilhelm II.

7. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Reformers tried to solve the problems of the cities. They gained a champion in Theodore Roosevelt. Many of the reforms of the Progressive Era have had an effect on life in America today.

8. What are some examples of progressive reforms? GOALS To expand democracy To protect social welfare To create economic reform Direct primary; initiative; referendum; recall Image Aid to the unemployed; minimum wage laws; limits on women’s working hours; prohibition Break up trusts; regulate industry REFORMS

9. What kinds of problems did progressives attempt to solve? What did President Roosevelt mean by a “square deal,” and how did he try to achieve it? What were Roosevelt’s achievements in the field of conservation? Map

10. Back to Home Recognizing Effects In what ways do the reforms that President Roosevelt promoted affect your life today? Think About the quality of the food you eat natural resources that have been preserved

11. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Progressive reforms continued under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson. Constitutional amendments passed during this time affect Americans today.

12. What were some of the major reforms of the Taft and Wilson administrations? LAW Sixteenth Amendment Clayton Antitrust Act Federal Reserve Act DESCRIPTION Gave Congress the power to create income taxes Forbade any business practice that “substantially” lessened competition; legalized certain labor tactics Created the Federal Reserve system, consisting of 12 Federal Reserve Banks, supervised by the Federal Reserve Board

13. What caused the Republican Party to split in 1912? What were the major progressive accomplishments of Wilson’s presidency? What did the Federal Reserve Act do?

14. Back to Home Making Inferences Why did progressive presidents do little to advance civil rights for African Americans? Think About the goals of progressivism the groups of people that progressivism aimed to help

15. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Today, American women enjoy the right to vote because of women reformers in the Progressive Era. Women became leaders in social reform movements and won the right to vote during the Progressive Era. Map

16. What were some of the achievements of women leaders of the era? PROGRESSIVE ACHIEVEMENTS Lillian Wald Jane Addams Florence Kelley Began the first non-religious visiting nurse program in the country Began Hull House Image Head of the National Consumers’ League, which promoted fair working conditions in factories and stores

17. How did women’s roles expand near the turn of the century? What was the background of many women who became leaders in social reform movements? How did World War I influence the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?

18. Back to Home Comparing and Contrasting In what ways was the struggle for woman suffrage similar to and different from African Americans’ struggle for equal rights? Think About the restrictions that both groups faced how long they struggled for basic rights

19. REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES

20. 1 What problems did progressivism address? 2 How did progressive reformers expand democracy in the states? 3 What was Roosevelt’s “square deal”? 4 What were Roosevelt’s achievements in the area of conservation? 5 In what area did Taft achieve a more impressive progressive record than Roosevelt?

21. 6 What progressive goals did the Sixteenth and Seventeenth amendments address? 7 How did Wilson’s position on big business differ from Roosevelt’s? 8 How did women’s lives change around 1900? 9 What was the background of many women progressives? 10 What helped further the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1918?

22. Back to Home Identifying and Solving PROBLEMSOLUTION Political: Patronage; limited suffrage and democracy Social: Poverty; alcohol abuse Economic: Power of big corporations; unemployment Environmental: Impure food and water; diminishing natural resources Pendleton Civil Service Act; direct primary; initiative; referendum; recall; 17th and 19th amendments Settlement houses; 18th amendment Clayton Antitrust Act; campaign for minimum wage laws; socialism Pure Food and Drug Act; national parks

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