ENERGY & LIFE

Remember from BIO 1 _____________ can make their own food using energy from sunlight. Ex: Green plants, a few bacteria AUTOTROPHS

Remember from BIO 1 __________________ get energy by consuming other organisms Ex: Animals, fungi, most bacteria HETEROTROPHS

Images: WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMP Endocytosis Exocytosis Animation from: Remember from BIO 1

WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Reproduction Meiosis: Cilia: Replication: Transcription: Translation:

ATP Image by: Riedell Remember from BIO 1 ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE is used by cells to store and transport ENERGY

CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY ATP = __________________________ Adenosine triphosphate ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS 3

ATP can change into ADP ADP = __________________________ Adenosine diphosphate ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS 2

ATP → ____ + ____ + ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP ADP

ADP + ___ + ________ → ___ The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. ATP It’s like recharging the battery ! STORE FOODSGLUCOSE

Watch a video clip about ATP FORMATION (8A)

ATP is useful BUT... ATP is great for TRANSFERRING ENERGY, but _____ good for storing ________ amounts of energy for the ______________. A single molecule of GLUCOSE stores more than _________the chemical energy. Cells only keep enough ATP around to last a few seconds and recharge it by burning___________. NOTLARGE LONG TERM 90 times glucose

Example: GLUCOSE C 6 H 12 O 6 Image from: Remember from BIO 1 CARBOHYDRATES contain Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen (with a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O)

MONOSACCHARIDES Single sugar molecules C 6 H 12 O C 5 H 10 O 5

CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY Images from: Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs Remember from BIO 1

CARBOHYDRATES are building blocks for other molecules ATP DNA & RNA POLYSACCHARIDES ATP by Riedell

Starch Glucose Section 2-3 Remember from BIO 1

Molecules made by joining MANY sugar molecules together are called ___________________ POLYSACCHARIDES EXAMPLES: Image from:

GLYCOGEN is the way _________ cells store GLUCOSE to use later. Image from: ANIMAL CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY

STARCH is the way _______ cells store GLUCOSE for later. Images from: PLANT CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY

SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis: The students will be able to: explain the biochemical processes that a plant uses in photosynthesis explain the role ADP-ATP cycle has within the chloroplast of the cell (9-12.L.1.1) explain the light reaction (9-12.L.1.1) explain the steps of photophosphorylation and the Calvin Cycle (9-12.L.1.1)

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. Photosynthesis and respiration ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymes Mitochondria Chloroplasts LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: explain the steps of photophosphorylation and the Calvin Cycle; analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle; predict the function of a given structure; High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); describe the relationship between structure and function High school students performing at the BASIC level name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes) name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); recognize that different structures perform different functions;

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS) Examples: photosystems, photophosphorylation, Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.