1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Extra Notes

2. How does your body get energy?

3. EATING! When we eat, our food is broken down in our bodies to get energy out of it.

4. What does energy look like in your cells? In cells, energy is stored in the form of ATP!

5. # 1 Source of energy- Sun Cells use and store energy in ATP. It is the universal energy molecule for all cells. ATP - “Adenosine Triphosphate” (Made of Adenine (A), Ribose (R) and 3 phosphates (P)) A R P P P (ATP) Removing a –P leaves A-P-P (ADP) “Adenosine Diphosphate” A R P P (ADP) ENERGYENERGY Energy Reaction: To release Energy  break a phosphate bond ATP ADP + P A R -P - P – P A R -P - P + P Energy Released!! Reverse Energy Reaction: To store Energy  make a phosphate bond ADP + P ATP A R -P - P + P A R -P - P – P (Energy Stored) Which has more energy ADP or ATP? Why? More P-P bonds *Energy is produced in the mitochondria ATP

6. How does ATP give cells energy? ATP breaks apart and releases its energy. ENERGY!!!

7. When ATP breaks apart, it releases energy and loses a phosphate group. That means that it is now ADP

8. So, after ATP breaks apart and releases its energy, then what happens? ATP ADP Energy ??????

9. It is recharged ADP uses energy and gains an extra P and is recharged back to ATP ADPATP Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + PhosphateAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

10. What happens to a phosphate bond when energy is… Released? Stored? Phosphate bond is broken Phosphate bond is formed

11. We eat to get energy. How do the things that we eat get energy?

12. Remember this?.... Producer Consumers Where does the original energy come from?

13. The SUN!!! The sun is the number one source of energy. Plants and algae use energy from sunlight to grow and make their own energy. How do they do this?

14. By a process called photosynthesis. Photo-synthesis: “putting together with light” So when a plant combines the energy from sunlight with water and carbon dioxide from the air, it gets energy! ++

15. 6 H 2 O + 6CO 2 + light energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 The chemical reation of photosynthesis is…

16. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

17. Think about what photosynthesis is… what part of the plant do you think it takes place?

18. Photosynthesis happens in the leaves of the plant! We take in oxygen by breathing. How does carbon dioxide get into the leaves of the plants? The stomata! small openings in the leaves of the plant.

19. Leaves have special parts called chloroplasts! Inside each chloroplast is where the photosynthesis reaction takes place.

20. OO

21. Why don’t we get energy from sunlight when we spend time outside?? Chloroplasts in plants have a molecule called chlorophyll that has the ability to absorb the energy from sunlight.

22. Chlorophyll is a pigment A pigment is a light absorbing molecule. Chlorophyll is what gives leaves their green color.

23. Photosynthesis Autotrophs: organisms which make their own food. Photosynthesis: the process of plants using light energy to make food. Occurs in Chloroplast. In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll, a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs light. Equation: CO 2 +H 2 O +light C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) +O 2 ATP Calvin Cycle Light H2OH2O O2O2 CO 2 Sugar (Glucose) Chloroplast Light Reactions

24. The “photo” part! Purpose: to take sunlight and turn it into chemical energy (ATP) LIGHTWATER ATPOXYGEN LIGHT REACTIONS Needs chlorophyll!

25. Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction) CALVIN CYCLE CARBON DIOXIDE ATP GLUCOSE The “synthesis” part Purpose: to take carbon dioxide and make glucose

26. Photosynthesis (continued) 1.Light2.Dark REACTION (Calvin Cycle) NEED: Light/H 2 ONEED: CO 2 /ATP PRODUCES: ATP/O 2 PRODUCES: GlucosePURPOSE: H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2 to take sunlight and turn it into chemical energy (ATP) to take carbon dioxide and make glucose

27. Chemosynthesis Chemosynthesis: The process by which some organisms, such as bacteria, produce energy through a chemical reaction. Ex. Organisms found near deep sea hydrothermal vents use hydrogen sulfide coming out of seafloor in vent fluids to create energy. Equation: Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis: CO 2 + O 2 + H 2 S → CH 2 O + S + H 2 O