1. Cells and Energy!!
Part 1

2. Processes in this chapter occur as a cycle
or sequence

3. Objectives: 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Explain how ATP and ADP are related
Describe how ATP is made

4. Key Concept: All cells need chemical energy
Main Idea #1: The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP
Main Idea #2: Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP
Main Idea #3: A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy
ATP carries energy

5. 1.Plants & Algae use photosynthesis to store chemical energy in sugars
2. Animals eat these organisms to get this chemical energy
All cells need chemical energy
Photosynthetic organisms also produce the oxygen that is required to release much of the chemical energy in sugars

6. Main Idea #1: The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP
Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
Starch molecule
Glucose molecule

7. ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions.
Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added.
phosphate removed
ATP is a full wallet
ADP is an empty wallet

8. Main Idea #2: Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP
Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP.
not stored in large amounts
up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule
triphosphate
adenosine
diphosphate
tri=3
di=2
Food doesn’t contain ATP, first food is digested and food is broken down where smaller molecules are used to make ATP
# of ATP molecules made depends on the kind of molecule being broken down- carbohydrate, lipid, or protein