1. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

2. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP A characteristic common to all living things is that they require Energy An organism needs E for: A cell needs E for:

3. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP What does the cell need energy for? To move To reproduce To actively transport materials across the cell membrane (Ex. Endocytosis, exocytosis, sodium-potassium pumps) To carry out chemical reactions

4. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Organisms are classified by how they obtain Energy AUTOTROPHS – MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD HETEROTROPHS – GET FOOD BY EATING OTHER ORGANISMS

5. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Photoautotroph Organism that converts light energy into chemical energy stored in organic molecules CyanoBacteria Protists (Algae) Plants

6. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Chemoautotrophs Organisms that make food by using E from the breakdown of chemicals that escape out of deep ocean vents where there is no light

7. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Heterotrophs – Organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy and carbon compounds Animals Fungus Some Protists Most Bacteria ANIMALS

8. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Autotroph or Heterotroph?

9. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Where does this E come from? PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELL RESPIRATION

10. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP In photosynthesis, sunlight E is transformed into chemical E stored in food molecules Starch Glucose

11. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP In cell respiration, the chemical E stored in food molecules is released in a form the cells can use.

12. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP What happens to the E released from food in cellular respiration? It is used to make high energy molecules called ATP

13. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP What is ATP? ATP stands for the molecule Adenosine Triphosphate

14. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP ATP is a high energy containing molecule used by all cells to do the work of life. Sodium-Potassium Pump Muscle contraction

15. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP ATP – ADP triphosphateadenosine diphosphate ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate

16. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP phosphate removed The ATP – ADP cycle ATP –High energy molecule ADP –Low energy molecule

17. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Removing a Phosphate - Release Energy “use the battery” ATP Energy + P + ADP Adding a Phosphate – Stores Energy “recharge battery” ADP + Energy + P ATP ATP = Fully charged battery ADP = Used up battery

18. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP ATP to ADP Recharging your body’s batteries