CHAPTER 3 LESSON 3 THE MIDDLE COLONIES

3 GROUPS OF COLONIES North-Then New England Colonies The Southern Colonies The Middle Colonies

TYPES OF COLONIES Royal -ruled by the English Monarchy Proprietary- ruled by those who had the right granted to them, giving them full governing rights over the colony. Charter - granted to a colonist, self- governed

THE NEW NETHERLANDS Dutch settlers, not English Main settlement-New Amsterdam Good location, Hudson river Main spot for shipping The Dutch West India Company controlled the New Netherlands. Big with trade (furs) Wanted to increase population Offered large headrights to those who would bring 50 settlers to work the land

PATROONS Patroons -those who received the land grants Ruled over their plots of land Settlers had to provide labor and a share of their crops to the owner

BECOMING NEW YORK England claimed rights to the New Netherlands due to Cabot’s explorations Sent to attack Governor of New Netherlands surrendered without fight King Charles gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York Renamed New Netherlands, New York Proprietary Colony- colony that is granted to one or a group of people who have full governing rights.

NEW JERSEY Duke of York wanted to spit New York Gave land to John Berkeley and George Carteret Named their land New Jersey Offered large areas of land, freedom of religion, and a trial by a jury. Originally a proprietary colony Became a royal colony b/c the proprietors didn’t make great profits.

PENNSYLVANIA Founded by Quakers (Protestant group/”Society of Friends”) William Penn received Pennsylvania due to a debt owed to his father Quakers believed everyone is equal Refused to use any force or fight wars (Pacifists) Believed land belonged to the Natives, must pay for it.

DELAWARE The lower part of Pennsylvania becomes Delaware. Sweden was already there English had taken over Penn allowed them to stay and function on their own Eventually becoming their own colony of Delaware

LESSON REVIEW QUESTIONS Read chapter 3, lesson 3 (page 69) and answer the following by restating and in complete sentence(s). 1.What is a patroon? 2.Describe how the New Netherlands becomes New York. 3.What was a Quaker? 4.Describe some of the Quaker’s beliefs. 5.What is a pacifists? 6.Who was William Penn?

THE SOUTHERN COLONIES LESSON 4 Jamestown was the start of the southern colonies Needed workers for tobacco Slavery- Africans were traded among the Dutch Prisoners of war and criminals also worked as slaves to work off their time (7years) Indentured servants -worked without pay for a certain amount of time in order to come to the colonies.

MARYLAND (GEORGE C) Wanted a safe place for Catholics Granted a proprietary colony near Virginia Died Son, Cecilius, inherits colony Names it Maryland Gave large estates to the more noble (aristocrats) Plantations grew large Needed more workers More prisoners, criminals, indentured servants, and enslaved Africans brought over to work

CONFLICTS Calvert and Penn families argue over boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland Hire Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixson to find the line Mason Dixson line

RELIGIOUS TENSION IN MARYLAND Protestants and Catholic welcomed More protestants than Catholics Act of Toleration in 1649 to protect Catholics- both had to right to worship freely Maryland established an official Protestant church. Catholics end up facing restrictions like in England

BACON’S REBELLION Virginia William Berkeley was governor Makes agreement with Natives to keep settlers from pushing onto their territory for one large amount of land in return. Hopes to prevent war Some colonist don’t want to stop taking territory Nathaniel Bacon was one of them

BACON’S REBELLION (CONT) Nathanial Bacon Claimed Berkely was corrupt Supported expansion that Berkely agreed to stop Led attacks on many Native American villages Burned down Jamestown Got sick and died Rebellion died down as well England sent troops to restore order

THE CAROLINAS Created by King Charles South of Virginia Latin for “Charle’s Land” Split into North and South Main crops were rice and indigo (used to dye cloth)

GEORGIA Last British colony James Oglethorpe received the charter to establish Georgia A place for debtors and the poor to make a fresh start Debtors were imprisoned if they didn’t pay off debt Hoped to block Spanish attacks from Florida Mainly ended up with poorer settlers Settlers complained that they disliked Oglethorpe's rules. Oglethorpe eventually gives up charter to the King

LESSON REVIEW Read chapter 3 lesson 4 (pg 73), and answer the following questions by restating and answering in complete sentence(s). 1.Why were slaves brought to the southern colonies? 2.What was an indentured servant? 3.Describe the founding of Maryland 4.What happened during Bacon’s Rebellion? (just give some details, what did he disagree with and what did he do?) 5.What are the two main crops of the Carolinas? 6.What was the colony of Georgia created for?