ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Mr. Tognoni Del Webb MS

THIS PRESENTATION WILL COVER: 1.Endocrine System Basics 2.Label Endocrine System 3.Pituitary 4.Pineal Body 5.Hypothalamus 6.Thyroid 7.Parathyroid 8.Thymus 9.Adrenals 10.Pancreas 11.Testes and Ovaries

PART 1: Endocrine System Basics

The Endocrine System consists of all the glands in the body which produce hormones

Do you recognize any of these glands? Do you know what any of these glands do?

Hormones are powerful chemicals your body makes which regulate various body functions

Hormones are so powerful that a SMALL hormone level change can result in a BIG medical problem

Hormones do what? Regulate body growth Regulate metabolism Give body emergency energy Regulate Blood Sugar Bring on secondary sexual characteristics All sorts of important tasks!

Endocrine glands are located in the head, neck, and trunk

Endocrine glands all secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream

Hormones are instantly in your bloodstream when you need them

The Endocrine System is very interesting, very unique, and very confusing. Let’s label the glands of the Endocrine System and then learn a little about each

PART 2: Label Endocrine System

PINEAL BODY HYPOTHALAMUS OVARIES (female) PANCREAS THYROID PARATHYROIDS PITUITARY THYMUS ADRENALS TESTES (male) 2. LABEL:

Let’s look at each of these glands and see what hormones they produce

PART 3: The Pituitary Gland

3. Pituitary Gland Located at the base of the brain Probably the most important Endocrine gland

3. Pituitary Gland: Makes Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Has a major influence over most of the other endocrine glands

3. Pituitary Gland: In other words, problems with the Pituitary could cause other Endocrine glands, like the Ovaries, Thyroid, or Adrenals to not work correctly

3. Pituitary Gland: Growth hormone is responsible for your body reaching its proper height, size, and shape

3. Pituitary Gland: Too much growth hormone can result in Giantism Too little growth hormone can result in Dwarfism

PART 4: Pineal Body

4. Pineal Gland: Located deep in the brain Affects wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions. Produces melatonin

4. Pineal Gland: A problem with this gland might result in sleep problems Are you a “morning person” or a “night person?”

4. Pineal Gland: Some people will take melatonin pills to help them sleep

PART 5: The Hypothalamus

5. Hypothalamus: Located above the Pituitary in the brain Affects body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and sleep.

5. Hypothalamus: Links the nervous system to the endocrine system with the pituitary gland

5. Hypothalamus: Pituitary Since the Hypothalamus works so closely with the Pituitary, a problem here could affect several other Endocrine glands… (in addition to body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and sleep)

PART 6: Thymus Gland

6. Thymus Gland: Located in the upper chest Helps the body fight infections

6. Thymus Gland: Largest and most active during early childhood, before puberty Begins to shrink (atrophy) during adolescence

PART 7: The Thyroid Gland

7. Thyroid Gland: Located in the neck below the larynx and in front of the trachea (windpipe)

7. Thyroid Gland: Regulates the rate of metabolism Controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

Metabolism Examples: Slow Metabolism Normal Metabolism Fast Metabolism

7. Thyroid Gland: An over-active thyroid results in: – Jitteriness, shaking, increased nervousness, irritability – Rapid heart beat or palpitations – Feeling hot – Weight loss – Fatigue, feeling exhausted – More frequent bowel movements – Shorter or lighter menstrual periods

7. Thyroid Gland: An under-active thyroid results in: – Fatigue or lack of energy – Weight gain – Feeling cold – Dry skin and hair – Heavy menstrual periods – Constipation – Slowed thinking

7. Thyroid Gland: Iodine is essential in the diet to keep the thyroid healthy Iodine is added to table salt for this reason

PART 8: The Parathyroid Glands

8. Parathyroids: Located within the Thyroid Gland

8. Parathyroids: Control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones

PART 9: Adrenal Glands

9. Adrenal Glands: Located on top of the kidneys Produce: – Adrenalin – Cortisone

9. Adrenal Glands: Adrenalin is the body’s emergency “Fight-or-Flight” hormone

9. Adrenal Glands: Cortisone helps body to heal, reduce swelling

PART 10: The Pancreas (Islands of Langerhans)

10. Pancreas: Island of Langerhans inside the pancreas produce insulin Insulin is needed for the body’s cells to use blood sugar

10. Pancreas: Diabetes: High blood sugar, not enough insulin Diabetes is the 7 th Leading Cause of death in the US

Diabetes is the 7th Leading Cause of Death in the US LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH: 1) Heart Disease approx 600,000 deaths 2) Cancer 575,000 3) Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (Lungs) 138,000 4) Stroke 130,000 5) Accidents 118,000 6) Alzheimer's Disease 83,000 7) Diabetes 69,000 8) Kidney Disease 51,000 9) Influenza and Pneumonia 50,000 10) Suicide 38,000

PART 11: Testes and Ovaries

11. Testes and Ovaries: The Gonads are the Testes in males and the Ovaries in females

11. Testes: In Males Produce hormone Testosterone Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in males

11. Testes: Secondary sexual characteristics in males: – Facial and Underarm Hair – Change in voice – Growth of pubic hair – Body Growth – Growth of reproductive organs – Coarser, rougher skin – Acne

11. Ovaries: In Females Estrogen: secondary sexual characteristics in females Progesterone: Menstrual cycle

11. Ovaries: Secondary sexual characteristics in females: – Pubic hair – Breast development – Hips get broader – Softer, smoother skin – Onset of menstruation – Higher voice

Thanks for taking notes and listening