1. HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS
“Out of the gland and into the blood to target cell we go” 1

2. HYPOTHALAMUS ATTACHED TO PITUITARY CONTROLS SECRETIONS OF PITUITARY
INTERACTS WITH NERVOUS SYSTEM
THIS ENSURES BOTH SYSTEMS CAN WORK TOGETHER TO COORDINATE BODY ACTIVITES!
THEREFORE, CONTROL CENTER OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM!

3. PITUITARY GLAND FOUND AT BASE OF SKULL SECRETES 9 HORMONES!!!!!!
REGULATE BODY FUNCTIONS
EX: HGH (HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE)
TOO MUCH = GIANTISM
TOO LITTLE = DWARFISM
REGULATE OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS

4. THYROID AND PARATHYROID
FOUND IN THROAT
THYROID
REGULATES BODY’S CELL METABOLISM
HORMONE = THYROXINE
PARATHYROID
REGULATES BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS
HORMONE = PTH

5. ADRENAL GLAND FOUND ON KIDNEYS HELP PREPARE AND DEAL WITH STRESS
“FIGHT OR FLIGHT”
HORMONE = ADRENALINE
INCREASE HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE
INCREASES OXYGEN INTAKE (LARGER AIRWAYS)
INCREASES GLUCOSE LEVEL

6. PANCREAS LOCATED NEXT TO STOMACH
ISLETS OF LANGERHANS: HORMONE PRODUCING AREA OF PANCREAS
HORMONES RELEASED (COMPLEMENTARY):
INSULIN: REMOVES SUGAR FROM BLOOD
GLUCAGON: STIMULATES LIVER TO BREAK DOWN GLYCOGEN TO PUT GLUCOSE BACK IN BLOOD

7. Diagram of Glucose Feedback

8. GONADS PRODUCE SEX CELLS (GAMETES) AND SECRETE SEX HORMONES
TESTES: MALE
PRODUCE SPERM
SECRETE TESTOSTERONE
OVARIES: FEMALE
PRODUCE EGGS (OVA)
SECRETE ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

9. Figure 39–2 The Endocrine Glands
Section 39-1
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus makes hormones that control the pituitary gland. In addition, it makes hormones that are stored in the pituitary gland.
Pineal gland
The pineal gland releases melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activities, such as daily sleep-wake cycles.
Thyroid
The thyroid produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands.
Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in the blood.
Parathyroid glands
These four glands release parathyroid hormone, which regulate the level of calcium in the blood.
Ovary
The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is required for the development of secondary sex characteristics and for the development of eggs. Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Thymus
During childhood, the thymus releases thymosin, which stimulates Tcell development.
Testis
The testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands release epinephrine and nonepinephrine, which help the body deal with stress.