Ch. 9 – Presidential Leadership 9.1- POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

I. EXECUTIVE POWERS A. Executive the Law ◦I. 2 provisions: ◦1. Take oath of office ◦2. Faithfully execute laws B. Ordinance Power ◦I. Can Issue executive order: ◦1. directive, rule, or regulation that has effect of law ◦2. New POTUS can void it

I. EXECUTIVE POWERS C. Appointment Power ◦I. With the consent of Senate, the POTUS can name: ◦1. Ambassadors and diplomats ◦2. Cabinet members and top aides ◦3. Federal judges D. Removal Power ◦I. Can remove any official s/he appointed, except judges

II. Diplomatic & Military Power A. Treaty-Making Power ◦I. treaty: formal agreement between two or more sovereign states ◦1. must have 2/3 Senate approval B. Executive Agreement Power ◦I. executive agreement: same as treaty but no need of Senate approval ◦1. New POTUS can void it

II. Diplomatic and Military Power C. Recognition Power ◦I. POTUS has the power to acknowledge the existence of states ◦1. HOW? By appointing ambassadors D. Commander-in-Chief Power ◦I. Almost without limit ◦II. Undeclared wars used several hundred times ◦III. Has even greater power during war time ◦IV. War Powers Resolution (1973) ◦1. Made by Congress to limit undeclared war power ◦2. Had many provisions

III. Legislative and Judicial Power A. Legislative Power ◦I. Recommends legislation ◦1. HOW? State of the Union, budget message, economic report ◦II. Veto power ◦1. sign it ◦2. veto it ◦3. pocket veto  if pocketed at end of session, it dies ◦4. do nothing  it passes if Congress is still in session (after 10 days of doing nothing) B. Judicial Power ◦I. Reprieve: postpone execution of a sentence ◦II. Pardon: legal forgiveness of a crime ◦III. Amnesty: blanket pardon

Ch. 9 – Presidential Leadership 9.2- ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT

I. The Roles of the President of the United States (POTUS) EXPRESSED I. CHIEF OF STATE 1. Ceremonial figure of the U.S. II. CHIEF EXECUTIVE 1. “Executive Power” of the U.S. 2. “Most powerful office in the world” III. CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR 1. Directs the federal government million people IV. CHIEF DIPLOMAT 1. U.S.’s chief spokesperson for the rest of the world V. COMMANDER IN CHIEF 1. Heads the armed forces of the U.S. VI. CHIEF LEGISLATOR 1. Creates public policies 2. Shapes what Congress does

I. The Roles of the POTUS OTHER 7. CHIEF OF PARTY Leader of political party 8. CHIEF CITIZEN Represents all people Works for the public