 m.socrative.com – Room OR Bell Ringer Card  QUESTION:  Name 2 artworks that were commissioned by the Medici Family (2 artworks that they had created).  From the video!  If you get stuck, look at the artworks you had to know for your last quiz and think of which ones you saw created in the videos…

 Introduction  Lots of definitions (with modern examples)  Renaissance composers and music examples

 The early Renaissance was almost exclusively a time of visual art and architecture, music came later  The existence of the Academy in Florence, and its interest in things classical, encouraged much speculation and interest among the scholars of Florence  Initially just visual art, but did have a School of Music  Music was an important part of Florentine life  School of music at the Academy attracted performers from all over Europe and made Florence the center of musical change

 Profound interest in the music of the Greeks and the role of music in society as expressed in the writings of Plato and Aristotle  Aristotle saw music as contributing to moral order  Music helps makes a person complete

 Included a variety of textures  Monophony, Homophony, Polyphony, & 4-Part Harmony  Wide Range (higher highs, lower lows)  Trained musicians/performers  Emphasis on the text – word painting, imitation  Distinct vocal and instrumental styles  Vocal music was still more important than instrumental

 Monophony – one single melodic line  One note at a time  One singer singing solo  Multiple singers all singer the exact same pitches at the exact same time  One person playing an instrument (only one note at a time – if playing an instrument like a piano or guitar and that one person hits two notes, it’s NOT monophonic)

 Modern Example  Whitney Houston - I Will Always Love You Whitney Houston - I Will Always Love You

 Homophony – Multiple lines do the same things (move up or down together, play at the same time) but are on different pitches  One line assisting another – dependent on each other  If singing, words occur at the same time

 Modern Examples  Jason Aldean & Kelly Clarkson “Don’t You Want to Stay?” Jason Aldean & Kelly Clarkson “Don’t You Want to Stay?”  Fun “Some Nights” Fun “Some Nights”

 Polyphony – two melodic lines that are independent of each other  Lines are NOT dependent on each other – different things happening at once

 Modern Examples  Jason Mraz “I’m Yours” Jason Mraz “I’m Yours”  NSYNC “Tearin Up My Heart” NSYNC “Tearin Up My Heart”

 Vocal music becomes increasingly intent on expressing text  Word painting: enhances the meaning and emotion of written text by “painting” the words in the music  Examples: on the word “high” would sing a high note; if singing about a descent, the notes would go down, etc.

 Garth Brooks: “Friends in Low Places”  Listen:  Justin Timberlake: “What Goes Around”  Listen:  TONS of examples in popular music!

 Polyphonic music included a lot of imitation  Imitation: an exact or near exact repeat in another voice/part. Similar to an echo, but the parts overlap  Similar to singing in a “round”

 Jason Mraz & Colbie Callet: “Lucky” Jason Mraz & Colbie Callet: “Lucky”  Coldplay: “Paradise” Coldplay: “Paradise”

 The Papal chapel continued as one of the central musical forces in Europe  Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina ( )  Director of Julian Chapel Choir from  Then became a singer in the choir  Began to compose for the papal chapel  Because he was married, he was forced to leave his post  Pope Paul IV imposed a stricter discipline in choral appointments

 Exclusively vocal and almost totally liturgical  Wrote 105 masses and became the most celebrated composer of his time  Most famous piece: Pope Marcellus Mass  Pope Marcellus was pope when Palestrina sang in the choir

 Polyphonic texture  Lots of imitation  Written for 6 voices a cappella (without instruments)  Each section ends with all voices coming together on sustained chords

 Listen and follow music 

 Madrigal: setting of lyric poetry for multiple voices  Secular music written for multiple parts  Existed during an explosion of Italian poetry  Normally comprised a text of 3-14 lines arranged in a rhyme scheme of the poet’s choosing  The musical setting emphasized the mood and meaning of individual words and phrases of the text rather than formal structure

 Composed for anywhere from 3-8 parts  Before 1650, the four part texture was preferred  Often sung by solo voices – one per part  Occasionally, an instrument would substitute for one of the voices or double a part  The Madrigal was the dominant form of secular music in Italy and the rest of Europe

 Great independence in the lower lines  It was normal for all parts to imitate each other using measured rhythm  Voices came together only at the ends of sections

 Renaissance Example: Dufay's “Nuper rosarum flores”Dufay's “Nuper rosarum flores”  The “Barbershop Quartet”  Crossroads International Champion Crossroads International Champion  Christmas Carol  Carol of the Bells Carol of the Bells

  Trained in Milan, Rome, and Florence  Compared to Michelangelo, in music  “father of musicians”  Wrote about 70 secular songs of a light, homophonic nature

 Wrote his masses polyphonically  Imitation was a huge structural feature  New idea – he would repeat sections of music  An opening section (A) would be followed by new material (B) and then restated in the third section (A)  ABA Form

 Ave Maria… Virgo Serena Ave Maria… Virgo Serena  A short melodic phrase begins in the soprano voice  Then the alto, tenor, and bass voices imitate the soprano line  The next line of text employs a different melody, again with imitation  Each voice enters in the middle of the phrase by the previous voice  Some changes in meter, some agitation at certain phrases to reflect the text

 Musical instruments rose above their old role of merely reinforcing voice parts, and instrumental music finally developed an independence from vocal music in the late part of the Renaissance  Previously, instruments tended to accompany voices or to play music originally intended for voice  In the 16 th century, more music was written for instruments by themselves, and music was written to exploit the qualities of individual instruments

 Soft, indoor instruments:  Lute  Recorder (early flute)  Loud, outdoor instruments:  Trumpet  Shawm (similar to today’s oboe)  The same work might be played my multiple combinations of instruments  Composers didn’t specify what group of instruments they wanted to play, just how many parts  The same piece could be played by a recorder, trumpet, and harp, and then later by a lute, shawm, and organ.

 Greensleeves – Renaissance Version 