THE COLD WAR.

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Presentation transcript:

THE COLD WAR

Reconstruction- Partition of Germany Allied powers divided Germany into 4 zones and occupied it

Two Germanies! 1955 France, England, and US rejoined their zones forming West Germany USSR refused - East Germany became a separate country

Reconstruction- Japan The US, under General Douglas MacArthur, occupied Japan. The economy and government were reformed.

Two Superpowers

Soviet Expansion As the war ended, the USSR began to expand toward eastern Europe and China

Iron Curtain – Europe Divided Imaginary line dividing Europe between East (communist) and West (capitalist). Capitalist Communist

Marshall Plan 1948-1952 US plan to give aid to most European countries US gave over $13 billion to create stability, and support democracy and capitalism

WHO PARTICIPATED?

How Much Did They Get?

Truman Doctrine Plan to give $400 million to Greece and Turkey to create stability and prevent their fall to communism

Domino Theory If one country falls to communism…. It’s only a matter of time before the next country falls

Containment Policy US will give aid (money, supplies, troops…) to any country wishing to prevent their fall to communism

Containment Policy US will give aid (money, supplies, troops…) to any country wishing to prevent their fall to communism

The USSR & the Atom Bomb 1953 USSR exploded the first H-bomb

SPUTNIK 1957 USSR launched the first satellite

US Reaction Russian advanced spread fear across US US increased funding for science and education

NATO US & western Europe formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization to collectively defend against a communist attack. First peace-time military alliance for US

Warsaw Pact The USSR & neighboring countries (Soviet satelites) formed Warsaw Pact – a collective defense against NATO

BERLIN Berlin was located within the East Germany Many people escaped to the west through Germany

BERLIN WALL The Soviet Union built a wall through the middle of Berlin over night to prevent people from escaping

COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS” WHERE DID IT TAKE PLACE? COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS” CHINA COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA In 1949 China falls to communism and is led by Mao Zedong devasting defeat for US - 1/4 world’s pop.

NIXON AND CHINA Feb 1972 Nixon becomes 1st president to visit China May 1972 Nixon visits Moscow “Détente” = less tensions

COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS” KOREA COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

THE KOREAN WAR 1950 USSR helped North Korea invaded South Korea MacArthur led US to help South Korea 1953 Korean War ends – nothing changed Remains divided at 38th Parallel

DOUGLAS MACARTHUR gets the ax Led US in Korea Publicly criticized Pres. Truman’s policies was FIRED!

COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS” VIETNAM COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

Vietnam’s Independence Vietnam fights for independence from the French Ho Chi Minh gets support for independence from USSR Ho Chi Minh wants a united communist Vietnam – some resist

VIETNAM WAR - “ A Police Action” Vietnam engages in civil war US sends “advisors” from 1954 - 1973 to help the south fight communism

US INVOLVEMENT US supports S. Vietnam against N. Vietnam (communist) US fights for 19 years! Over 56,000 Americans died Over 1 million Vietnamese were killed or wounded

US GETS OUT US ends involvement in Vietnam in 1973 1975 Saigon falls to communism

COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS” CUBA COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

CUBA Castro comes to power in Cuba Allied with the USSR in the Cold War

BAY OF PIGS 1961 CIA-trained Cuban exiles attempted to lead a coup against Castro They failed - an embarrassment to Kennedy and U.S.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS too close for comfort US discovered Soviet missiles off the coast of Cuba - Oct 1962 Brink of War USSR removes missiles

“THE EVIL EMPIRE” DECLINES Gorbechev comes to power in 1985 and reforms USSR glasnost – openness perestroika - restructuring

THE BERLIN WALL Symbol of Cold War Gorbachev allowed it to be torn down in November 1989

Nationalism in the Republics More and more of the “Soviet Satellites” wanted true independence from control by the USSR People in these Soviet Republics began to rebel

“The Evil Empire” FALLS USSR fell into economic decline US increased defense spending 35% - USSR couldn’t keep up USSR crumbled in 1991