Treaty of Paris The war continued for another three years after the Battle on the Plains of Abraham. The capture of Quebec brought about the end of the French empire in North America. New France was transferred to Britain by the Treaty of Paris in England now controlled a vast area of North America, including the rich fur lands of the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes.

Pontiac’s Rebellion  cZ-ee4

Pontiac’s Rebellion  The Treaty of Paris did not include any negotiations with the Aboriginal Peoples of North America.  Many Natives allied with the French.  The British were expanding into French territory (Ohio River Valley)  They came to settle and change the hunting grounds to farms.  The native way of life was in danger.

Pontiac’s Rebellion  The Ottawa warriors gathered in a council of war to hear Pontiac’s message.  “Why do you allow the white man to live among you? Why do you forget the ways of your ancestors? Why do you not become true Indians once more?”  “You have bought guns, knives, kettles and blankets from the white men. Now you think you cannot do without them. What is worse, you have drunk the poison firewater that turns you into fools.”  “Fling all these things away. Clothe yourselves in skins, and use the bows and arrows, like your ancestors did.”  “As for these English, you must lift the hatchet against them!”

Pontiac’s Rebellion Several Indian chiefs and spiritual leaders decided to combat European colonization. By June of 1763, Pontiac’s multi-tribal alliance controlled nine of the twelve British held forts west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Pontiac's War Region

Pontiac’s Rebellion & Germ Warfare  Lord Jeffrey Amherst - Commanding general of British forces in North America during the final battles  smallpox-infected blankets used as germ warfare against the natives.

Pontiac’s Rebellion & Germ Warfare Stated in a letter... Captain Simeon Ecuyer had bought time by sending smallpox-infected blankets and handkerchiefs to the Indians surrounding the fort. This was an early example of biological warfare -- which started an epidemic among them. Amherst himself had encouraged this tactic in a letter to Ecuyer.

Pontiac’s Rebellion Despite the fact that British reinforcements re- took the forts, King George issued a proclamation forbidding colonists from settling west of the mountains. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 upset crowded colonists hungry for more land, pushing America closer to Revolution.

Aftermath Pontiac’s Rebellion  British forces were depleted, tired.  Debt as a result of the recently won war.  The crown owed 146 million pounds in 1763.

The Office of James Murray  Governor of the colony in Quebec  Four possible plans of the British after the war: Expulsion: Remove all French settlers from Quebec Anglicization: Change the way of life of the French so they would think, talk and act like English people. French System: Keep Quebec much as it had been under French control. Hope the French would accept British rule. Separation: Divide Quebec into separate parts – one for French (who were already present), one for English (willing to move in).

The Royal Proclamation of 1763: Anglicization  At first, the colony of Quebec was to be given an English lifestyle.  Governor Murray was ordered the change over to English laws, language, schools, churches and government.  Quebec was to be like Britain’s other colonies in North America.  The English were forbidden to claim land beyond the Proclamation Line (western limit).  The fur traders had to have licenses before going into native territory.

The British Proclamation Line of The line ran the length of the Appalachian Mountain Range from Me. to Ga. - Many settlements already existed beyond the line. They were now on their own. - Colonists wanted to settle these areas as the older colonies grew and more space was needed. Many of them were resentful and opposed this British law. - Many of these colonists were retired veterans of the Seven Years War that had been promised land as part of the pension for their service. - Animosity toward British rule increased and talk of independence was growing.