Classification. What is Classification? Grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy science of classifying living things Scientists classify organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification

What is Classification? Grouping things according to similarities Taxonomy science of classifying living things Scientists classify organisms based on similarities in cell type, structure, DNA, growth and development and how organisms obtain energy. Classification organizes information so it can be studied and categorized.

History of Classification Greeks – 2000 years ago – Aristotle classified all living things into plants or animals Student of Aristotle classified plants according to sizes; small were herbs, medium woody were shrubs and large woody plants were trees. 18 th Century Carolus Linnaeus father of current taxonomy, classified organism on how they looked alike, established a system for naming them (binomial nomenclature)

Levels of Classification Kingdom – same cell structure and obtain energy the same way (Animal) Phylum - similar body structure (Chordata/Vertibrate) Class – more similarities (mammals) Order “ (Carnivora) Family “ Genus “ Species – reproduce with each other Genus and Species make up the name of an organism decided by Linnaeus

Three Domains Domains are very broad categories 3 Domains are Bacteria, Archae, and Eukarya which is based on the type of cells. Kingdom of Eubacteria is in the Bacteria Domain Archaibacteria is in the Arche Domain Protist, Fungi, Plantae and Animal make up the domain of Eukarya

What are the 6 Kingdoms? Archaebacteria – simple unicellular organisms, do not have a true nucleus, live in extreme environments Eubacteria – single celled, do not have a true nucleus, found in soil, water and in humans Protists – single celled or multicelled, has a true nucleus, Amoebas and diatom are examples Fungi – unicellular or multi- cellular, get the food they need from dead organisms, yeast, mushrooms are examples. Plantae – multi-cellular, use chlorophyll to make their own food, trees and flowers are plants Animal – multi-cellular, get energy from eating other organisms, birds, reptiles, fish and mammals are animals

6 Kingdoms

Viruses How are they classified? Non-living particle made up of a piece of nucleic acid covered with a protein Capsid – protein cover Bacteriaphage – viruses that infect bacteria Viruses take over cells by invading them and reproducing They can not carry out life activities with out another cell. Classified based on structure, type of nucleic acid (rna or dna), the way they reproduce They can remain inactive until they find the proper environment Cold, flu, HIV examples