1. Chapter 2.2 Classifying Organisms

2. POINT > Define prokaryote and eukaryote POINT > Explain why and how we classify things POINT > Define taxonomy and binomial nomenclature POINT > Identify the levels of classification

3. Usually we think of cells as having a nucleus:

4. POINT > Define prokaryote and eukaryote Cells that have a nucleus are called eukaryotic cells, or eukaryotes Plant, animal and fungi cells are eukaryotic

5. POINT > Define prokaryote and eukaryote Cells that do not have a nucleus are called prokaryotic cells, or prokaryotes Bacteria and archaea cells are prokaryotic

6. CHECK: What is a prokaryote? Does a eukaryotic cell have a nucleus?

7. There are ~ 1,200,000 identified species of living organisms ~ 85% not yet identified!! An organized system is needed to keep track of all these living things This helps scientists communicate with each other POINT > Explain why and how we classify living things

8. All living things are divide into three domains Domain Archaea: thought to be the first living things. These are all prokaryotes (no cell nucleus) Domain Bacteria: Also prokaryotes (no cell nucleus) Domain Eukarya: includes all plants and animals. Cells in these organisms are eukaryotic (have a cell nucleus) POINT > Explain why and how we classify living things

9. CHECK: Why do we need a classification system for living things? What are the 3 domains of living things? Do archaea cells have a nucleus? Do bacteria cells have a nucleus?

10. All are unicellular All are prokaryotic Live in extreme environments: ocean vents, hot springs, animal stomachs Some are autotrophs some are heterotrophs

11. All are unicellular All are prokaryotic Bacteria live in almost every environment (including inside you) Both autotrophs and heterotrophs

12. Both unicellular and multicellular Eukaryotic Include autotrophs and heterotrophs Eukarya are divided into 4 groups called kingdoms

13. Domain Eukarya is divided into 4 Kingdoms Animals: Multicellular heterotrophs Plants: Multicellular autotrophs Protists: Unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular, all heterotrophs

14. CHECK: What are 4 Kingdoms in Eukarya? Which organisms live in hot springs or ocean vents? Which Kingdom is all multicellular autotrophs?

15. Define taxonomy and binomial nomenclature Taxonomy is the science of classifying living things Scientists use a system for naming organisms invented by Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish), called binomial nomenclature

16. Define taxonomy and binomial nomenclature Binomial nomenclature names every organism by genus and species: Homo sapiens Panthera tigris Carnegiea gigantea

17. CHECK: What is taxonomy? Who invented binomial nomenclature? Binomial nomenclature names organisms by __________ and ___________.

18. There are eight levels in the taxonomic classification system: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species POINT > Identify the levels of classification

20. Homework: Read pages 42-49 Finish Study Guide GRAS 27-30