Heat and Temperature Do Now What are five ways that heat can affect “earth processes” List them out. Hand in.

Proficiencies Convert temperature readings between the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. Convert temperature readings between the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. Describe heat as a form of energy transfer. Describe heat as a form of energy transfer. Investigate and demonstrate how energy is transferred by convection, radiation, conduction. Investigate and demonstrate how energy is transferred by convection, radiation, conduction. Identify and distinguish between conductors and insulators. Identify and distinguish between conductors and insulators. Describe the four states of matter. Describe the four states of matter.

Objectives Be able to describe ways that heat impacts “earthly functions” Be able to describe ways that heat impacts “earthly functions” Differentiate between Heat and Temperature Differentiate between Heat and Temperature Identify direct and indirect ways to measure temperature. Identify direct and indirect ways to measure temperature. Identify and give examples of the three methods of heat transfer. Identify and give examples of the three methods of heat transfer. Name the phase transitions. Describe the energy requirements and physical changes that occur during phase transitions. Name the phase transitions. Describe the energy requirements and physical changes that occur during phase transitions. Relate the energy and physical requirements for phase transitions to the formation of fog, frost, dew, clouds, and various types of precipitation. Relate the energy and physical requirements for phase transitions to the formation of fog, frost, dew, clouds, and various types of precipitation.

How Does Heat (Heat Differences) Impact “Internal Earth Functions” Movement of Outer Core Movement of the mantle Movement of the mantle Movement of tectonic plates Movement of tectonic plates Melting of rock Melting of rock Earthquakes Earthquakes Magnetic fields around the earth Magnetic fields around the earth Auroras form Auroras form Protection of the earth from solar storms Protection of the earth from solar storms Pressure within the earth Pressure within the earth Volcanoes Volcanoes

How Does Heat Affect the Surface Solar Radiation Solar Radiation Light waves and photons Light waves and photons Water movement Water movement Ocean currents Ocean currents Wind currents Wind currents Water cycle Water cycle Climate Climate Shelter Shelter

Are Heat and Temperature the Same?

As the heat increases, we see an increase in temperature. As the heat increases, we see an increase in temperature. Are heat and temperature the same? Are heat and temperature the same? Will heat and temperature always be proportional to each other? (as one goes up, the other goes up) Will heat and temperature always be proportional to each other? (as one goes up, the other goes up)

Temperature A number that relates to the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance A number that relates to the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance When measured in Kelvin, it is directly proportional When measured in Kelvin, it is directly proportional

Heat Measure of the TOTAL energy Measure of the TOTAL energy Kinetic + Potential Kinetic + Potential Does Heating something always cause the temperature to increase? Does Heating something always cause the temperature to increase?

Heat Can cause Can cause Temperature increase Temperature increase Temp inc  kinetic increase Temp inc  kinetic increase Tells you nothing about PE Tells you nothing about PE Phase changes to occur Phase changes to occur Increase in PE of molecules but not KE Increase in PE of molecules but not KE

Detecting Heat How do you detect whether something is hot? How do you detect whether something is hot? Thermometer Thermometer Temperature measuring device Temperature measuring device Quantifies the average motion of molecules Quantifies the average motion of molecules Interpreted as a measure of heat. Interpreted as a measure of heat.

Detecting Heat Can you use a thermometer Can you use a thermometer In space? In space? In molten metals In molten metals In hot fires? In hot fires? What can you use that can measure heat (radiation) without touching the heat source? What can you use that can measure heat (radiation) without touching the heat source?

Detecting Heat Infrared cameras Infrared cameras Image the heat Image the heat Infrared detectors Infrared detectors Measure heat energy Measure heat energy WHY CAN YOU MEASURE HEAT WITHOUT TOUCHING IT?

Because Heat Travels The type of travel depends on the medium The type of travel depends on the medium Solids Solids Conduction Conduction Liquids and Gases Liquids and Gases Convection Convection Solids, Liquids and Gases Solids, Liquids and Gases Radiation Radiation Heat always moves from high heat to low heat in the easiest (most efficient) way possible. Heat always moves from high heat to low heat in the easiest (most efficient) way possible.

Conduction Requires Two objects are in contact and at different temperatures Two objects are in contact and at different temperatures Movement of heat through molecular collisions Movement of heat through molecular collisions A thermal infrared image of a coffee cup filled with a hot liquid. Notice the rings of color showing heat traveling from the hot liquid through the metal cup. You can see this in the metal spoon as well. This is a good example of conduction.

Convection Requires A liquid or gas movement A liquid or gas movement Hot liquid or gas rises to area of cool liquid or gas Hot liquid or gas rises to area of cool liquid or gas Cooler liquid or gas moves “down” Cooler liquid or gas moves “down” Heat energy is transferred through circulation Heat energy is transferred through circulation This thermal infrared image shows hot oil boiling in a pan. The oil is transferring heat up and out of the pan by convection. Notice the hot (yellow) centers of rising hot oil and the cooler outlines of the sinking oil

Radiation Does not rely on matter to transfer heat Does not rely on matter to transfer heat Energy transport consisting of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light Energy transport consisting of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light Created by “excited electrons” calming down. Created by “excited electrons” calming down. All objects can absorb and emit energy All objects can absorb and emit energy

Does Heat Travel Through Everything? What does conduction mean? What does conduction mean? What is a good conductor? What is a good conductor?

Thermal Conductors Thermal conductor (heat conductor) Thermal conductor (heat conductor) a material that a material that conducts heat well conducts heat well Conducts heat quickly Conducts heat quickly What are examples of good conductors? What are examples of good conductors?

Thermal Insulators Materials that do NOT conduct heat well Materials that do NOT conduct heat well Materials that keep heat OUT (or IN) Materials that keep heat OUT (or IN) Are insulators non- conductors? Are insulators non- conductors?

What are semi-conductors?

Why does something conduct As a rule, good conductors of heat are good conductors of electricity As a rule, good conductors of heat are good conductors of electricity Conductors allow charge (electrons) to flow through them Conductors allow charge (electrons) to flow through them Electrons stop orbiting, and jump from atom to atom Electrons stop orbiting, and jump from atom to atom

What are moving electrons? Moving electrons are called a current. Electrons can move along material that is a conductor Moving electrons are called a current. Electrons can move along material that is a conductor When the path on which electrons flow is continuous, a circuit is created. When the path on which electrons flow is continuous, a circuit is created.

Conversions – Kelvin, Celsius, Farenheit