1. Thermal Energy
Heat

2. Thermal Energy

3. Thermal Energy The total energy of all the particles in an object
Depends on……
temperature of the object
# of particles in the object
the arrangement of the particles in the object

6. Temperature Measure of average kinetic energy of the particles
F- boiling = 212
- freezing = 32
C- boiling = 100
-freezing = 0
Kelvin- boiling = 373
- freezing = 273
Absolute zero = -273 Celsius

7. Heat The transfer of thermal energy is heat.
Moves from a warmer object to a cooler object
Specific Heat – the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 Kelvin. (in Joules)

8. Heat always flows from warmer to cooler objects.
Cup gets cooler while hand gets warmer
Heat
The flow of thermal energy from one object to another.
Heat always flows from warmer to cooler objects.
Ice gets warmer while hand gets cooler

9. Specific Heat
Materials with high Specific Heat can absorb a great deal of energy without a great change in temperature.
Ex: Water requires 4,180 joules to raise the temperature 1 degree Kelvin.

10. Land heats up and cools down faster than water
Specific Heat
Some things heat up or cool down faster than others.
Land heats up and cools down faster than water

11. Why does water have such a high specific heat?
water metal
Water molecules form strong bonds with each other; therefore it takes more heat energy to break them. Metals have weak bonds and do not need as much energy to break them.

12. Heat Transfers Conduction- heat transferred through direct touch
Convection- heat transferred through the movement of currents in a fluid
Radiation- heat transferred through electromagnetic waves

13. Heat Transfers

14. Conductors and Insulators
Conductor- transfers thermal energy well
Ex: metals
Insulators- transfers thermal energy very poorly
Ex: Wood, paper, plastic, gases in the air

15. Changes in State of Matter
Depends on how much thermal energy
Vaporization- matter changes from liquid to a gas
Evaporation- vaporization at the surface
Boiling- vaporization below the surface
Melting- solid to liquid
Freezing- liquid to solid
Condensation- gas to liquid