Chapter 11, Lesson 4 Catholics & Protestants It Matters Because: The struggle between Catholics & Protestants during the Reformation shaped the churches that we know today.

I. The Catholic Reformation A. Catholics saw Protestant Church emerging, took steps to reform their own church Council of Trent B. Council of Trent changed many Catholic practices indulgences 1. Ended sale of indulgences 2. Enforced strict behavior code for priests & bishops seminaries 3. Set up schools called seminaries for training new priests Jesuits C. The Jesuits, tried to bring Protestants back through teaching Ignatius LoyolaSociety of Jesus 1. Founded by Ignatius Loyola, AKA the Society of Jesus

II. Spain A. Catholicism remained strong in Spain 1. United under Catholic rulers Ferdinand & Isabella 2. F&I began to distrust Europe’s Protestant countries B. F&I forced Jews & Muslims to convert or leave Spain 1. Few converted, most left Inquisition 2. Began the Inquisition to enforce Catholic laws & royal orders

III. The Spanish Inquisition heresy A. Religious court to put on trial & punish people accused of heresy Heresy 1. Heresy - claim that goes against church teaching 2. Used torture to force confessions B. In 1492, Spain ordered all Jews to convert to Catholicism or leave Spain , same order issued to Muslims 2. Most left rather than convert

IV. Religious Wars ProtestantCatholic A. By mid-1500s, most N. Europeans were Protestant, most in south were Catholic B. Rulers used religion to unite people 1. Country’s subjects expected to practice ruler’s faith C. Religious differences led to wars between countries England Protestant 1. Under Elizabeth I, England became leading Protestant power Spain Catholic 2. Spain was leading Catholic power Phillip II 3. When England supported Dutch rebellion against Spain, Spanish King Phillip II invaded England

Spanish Armada D. Spain’s mighty fleet of huge warships known as the Spanish Armada 1. Sailed from Spain to invade England English Channel 2. Forced to break formation to navigate narrow English Channel 3. Smaller, more nimble English ships outmaneuvered Spain’s large ships 4. Forced them to retreat E. England gained respect as defenders of their island nation & the Protestant faith IV. Religious Wars

Huguenots F. France was divided by traditional Catholics & wealthy Calvinists called Huguenots Catherine de Medici G. When 10-year-old Charles became king, his mother, Catherine de Medici, ruled for him 1. Civil war soon broke out Henry of Navarre H. Huguenot Henry of Navarre became King, converted to Catholicism to please the majority Edict of Nantesofficially Catholic 1. Issued Edict of Nantes, making France officially Catholic, but legalizing Protestantism IV. Religious Wars