A Whirlwind Tour of Aug. 23 through Dec. 16… Yahooooo!

FOUNDATIONS Agricultural Revolution BCE Agricultural Revolution BCE Changes it made?Changes it made? First Civilizations BCE First Civilizations BCE Where were they?Where were they? What made them “civilizations?”What made them “civilizations?” Early Societies = Early Societies = MesopotamiaMesopotamia EgyptEgypt IndusIndus ShangShang Mesoamerica and Andean South AmericaMesoamerica and Andean South America

Themes from Foundations Interaction and Exchange Interaction and Exchange Urbanization Urbanization Nomadic Peoples Nomadic Peoples Axial Age Axial Age Empires Empires Spread of Religion Spread of Religion

Populations Growth and decline often mirror political situations Growth and decline often mirror political situations Also, natural disasters and environmental problems take a large toll on populations and economies alike Also, natural disasters and environmental problems take a large toll on populations and economies alike Vast die-offs from diseases, especially during periods of initial contact Vast die-offs from diseases, especially during periods of initial contact

Classical Age Achievements Achievements Achievements Greek science and philosophy Greek science and philosophy Roman law and architecture Roman law and architecture Political organization in Han China Political organization in Han China Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta India Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta India CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS ARE??CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS ARE??

Gender Structures As civilizations advanced, position of women diminished As civilizations advanced, position of women diminished Major belief systems had a huge impact on women’s roles- often a means of codifying a subordinate social position Major belief systems had a huge impact on women’s roles- often a means of codifying a subordinate social position Women’s main roles varied by social class- noble women were both advantaged and limited by their roles, while poorer women often worked just as hard as men Women’s main roles varied by social class- noble women were both advantaged and limited by their roles, while poorer women often worked just as hard as men

Environment Some environments are easier to exploit than others- often times this leads to a faster rate of development in areas with: Some environments are easier to exploit than others- often times this leads to a faster rate of development in areas with:

Interregional Networks of People by 600 C.E. Silk Roads Silk Roads Mediterranean trade Mediterranean trade Indian Ocean trade Indian Ocean trade Meso and Andean American trading Meso and Andean American trading

RELIGIONS

POST-CLASSICAL Major developments: Major developments: Nomadic MigrationsNomadic MigrationsVikingsTurksAztecsMongolsArabs Interactions via trade and conquestInteractions via trade and conquest

Nomadic Movements Plagued (ha!) people from ancient times until about the 17 th /18 th centuries Plagued (ha!) people from ancient times until about the 17 th /18 th centuries Caused both catastrophic damage and tremendously productive interaction between cultures Caused both catastrophic damage and tremendously productive interaction between cultures Some biggies: Mongols, Tamerlane, Huns, Xiongnu, Muslims Some biggies: Mongols, Tamerlane, Huns, Xiongnu, Muslims

Inter-regional networks and Contacts Mediterranean trade circuit Mediterranean trade circuit Silk Routes Silk Routes Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Trans-Saharan Trade Trans-Saharan Trade Trans-American circuits Trans-American circuits Religious connections: missionaries, inter-religious contact Religious connections: missionaries, inter-religious contact Impact of Mongols Impact of Mongols

China: Internal and External Expansion Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty Technological innovations: compass, paper, gunpowder etc. Influence on Japan Footbinding, Neo-Confucianism Song Dynasty Song Dynasty All the makings of an industrial revolution Early Ming Early Ming Zheng He voyages, eunuchs and nomadic threats

EMPIRES & DEVELOPMENT OF STATES African Empires African Empires European States European States Islamic Empire Islamic Empire

An Age of New Interactions ( ) Colonization Colonization Isolationism Isolationism Development of new technology (esp. guns) Development of new technology (esp. guns) Movement towards ocean-based empires rather than geographically-connected land based empires Movement towards ocean-based empires rather than geographically-connected land based empires

Columbian Exchange Aztec and Inca civilizations very advanced Aztec and Inca civilizations very advanced Diseases, crops, raw materials Diseases, crops, raw materials Diffusion of these products of interaction and others all over the world has tremendous global impact Diffusion of these products of interaction and others all over the world has tremendous global impact Also, war, competition, increasing tendency to base class decisions on racial identification Also, war, competition, increasing tendency to base class decisions on racial identification

New Empires and Methods of Governance Absolutism in Europe and Russia Absolutism in Europe and Russia Gunpowder Empires in Asia Gunpowder Empires in Asia African Empires- decline African Empires- decline Changing belief systems Changing belief systems