The first civilizations developed in ______________ – Annual flooding – fertile soil – Long growing seasons Civilization in China developed in the: – Huang He (Yellow) River Valley – Yangtze River Valley river valleys

Natural Barriers __________ early China from other civilizations – Himalayas – Gobi Desert – Taklimakan Desert isolated

Geographic isolation led to development of ________________in China – The belief in the superiority of one’s own race, culture, or nation – Chinese referred to China as the _________________ – The construction of _________________ is an example of Chinese ethnocentrism ethnocentrism Middle Kingdom The Great Wall

Chinese believed events on Earth controlled by ________________ Ancestors granted _______to dynasties to rule over China – Approval could be taken away _________________ referred to the cycle by which dynasties rose and fell in China ancestors in Heaven approval Dynastic Cycle

Early philosophies developed when people tried to understand how to create ______________in society during times of _______ when dynasties were falling – Daoism – Legalism – Confucianism social order chaos

Society should be ordered around _______________ _________ stressed the importance of respect for parents and elders Stressed importance of ______________ and ____________ Influenced development of ________________ Five Relationships Filial Piety good government education Chinese Civil Service

Shang Zhou Qin Han Oracle bones, patriarchal society, ancestor worship, ethnocentric Mandate of Heaven established feudal states, ends with Warring States period Mandate of Heaven established feudal states, ends with Warring States period Legalism, began Great Wall, Growth of trade on Silk Road, stressed Confucianism in society

Song Tang Ming Qing Yuan Golden Age of China Prosperity, internal peace, technological advances Golden Age of China Prosperity, internal peace, technological advances Mongol’s rule over China Kublai Khan Mongol’s rule over China Kublai Khan

Chinese rule restored Admiral Zheng He – Explored & established sea trade with countries around Indian Ocean

China began an isolationist policy at the end of the Ming dynasty – Restricted trade with Europe – Destroyed Zheng He’s fleet

Last dynasty in imperial China At start of Qing Dynasty China was prosperous and advanced Isolation led China to fall behind Western countries technologically – Foreign nations began exerting influence over China