1. China Review

2. GRAPES G-geography R-religion A-achievements P-political
E-economic systems
S-social

3. Great Wall of Geography
TAKLIMAKAN
DESERT
SHANG DYNASTY
PLATEAU OF
TIBET
HIMALAYAS
Keeps China isolated from the West and India
Great Wall of Geography

4. RELIGION Confucianism-used by Han, Tang/Song, and Ming Dynasties
Three philosophies utilized in Chinese culture: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism.
Confucianism-used by Han, Tang/Song, and Ming Dynasties
Daoism
Legalism-used by the Qin Dynasty
Education is important
Filial piety-respect for elders and ancestors
Five relationships to keep order.
Reject human governments to understand nature.
Nature will show you the way.
Natural order is important
Rulers have unquestioned authority
Ideas must be restricted
Strict rules and punishments are needed

5. ACHIEVEMENTS Great Wall of China-started during the Qin Dynasty
Inventions of Paper and Silk-Han Dynasty (first items traded on the silk roads)
Civil Service Exam-Han, Tang/Song, Ming Dynasties (people earned government jobs through exam)
Magnetic Compass, Gun Powder, Moveable Type- Tang/Song Dynasties (Technologies heavily impact the West)

6. POLITICAL Dynasties- Hereditary rule Mandate of Heaven
Dynastic Cycle used to explain rise and fall of dynasties
Bureaucratic government-used civil service exams

8. ECONOMICS Silk Roads-trade routes
China had a monopoly on silk for many years,
The production of silk was a state secret.
Silk became a highly desired good increasing China’s wealth
China’s interaction and periods of isolation shaped their success and culture.
Ethnocentrism- China believed their culture to be superior to others.
As a result China begins a period of isolation at the end of the Ming Dynasty

9. SOCIAL
Link between Heaven and Earth
Merchants lower than peasants

10. SOCIAL
Shi Huangdi- First emperor of China, used legalism to rule, unified China, standardized weights and measures, used censorship, harsh punishments. Builds Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors.
Confucius- Philosopher believe in the importance of education, filial piety, and the five relationships.
Zheng He- Explorer seven voyages to India, Arabia, and East Africa to show off China prestige.

11. Geography
Qin
Han
Tang Song
Ming
Plateau of Tibet
Yellow River
Himalaya Mtns
Taklimakan Desert
Northern Plain
Gobi Desert
Built the Great Wall
First Emperor of China
Used Legalist ideas
Censorship-burned books
Invented paper
First to use the silk roads
Silk became a state secret
Used Confucianism to rule
Considered agriculture to be one of the most important jobs
Created civil service exams based on Confucianism
Golden Age of China
Civil service exams based on confucianism
Invented gun powder, magnetic compass, etc.
Voyages of Zheng He
Stressed ethnocentrism and isolated China
Censorship burned books
Civil service exams based on Confucianism

12. MONGOLS REVIEW

13. GEOGRAPHY
Eastern Steppe of Central Asia-dry grass covered plain.

14. RELIGION
Animistic beliefs
Religiously Tolerant

15. ACHIEVEMENTS
Stirrup- allowed the rider to stand while riding to shoot an arrow in 360 degrees.
Pax Mongolia-mid-1200s to the mid-1300s, the Mongols created stability, economic growth, and law and order, across Eurasia.
The Mongols guaranteed safe passage across the empire for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries.
The revival of trade allowed ideas and inventions to travel along with the trade goods.
Ex-gunpowder reaches Europe

17. POLITICAL
Genghis Khan- “universal ruler” unified the Mongol clans and conquered all of central Asia.
Khanates- divided into four kingdoms or Khanates, each ruled by a descendant of Genghis Khan.

18. Economic Controlled trade on the Silk Roads (PAX Mongolia)
Made conquered territories pay tribute to the Empire

19. SOCIAL
Genghis Khan- unified the Mongols, brilliant military strategist and organizer, used terror as a weapon. Conquers all of Central Asia.
Kublai Khan- Khanate of the Great Khan, became the emperor of China. Creates the Yuan Dynasty, claims the Mandate of Heaven. Trade increases, peace or order maintained, canals and roads repaired. Tried to conquer Japan but is unsuccessful.

20. Review Questions
How was China geographically isolated from influence by other civilizations?
It had geographical barriers, such as the Himalayas Mountains, the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts.
It was unreachable by rivers or lakes.
It was separated from other civilizations by great distances.
All of the above are true.

21. To restore social order, harmony, and good government, Confucius believed it was necessary for society to be organized around what general category?
Values
golden rules
five relationships
social classes

22. The Silk Roads were important to the ancient world because they made possible the exchange of goods and ideas between?
Korea and Japan
China and Rome
Egypt and Greece
Persia and Carthage

23. All of the following were inventions of the Tang and Song dynasties EXCEPT
porcelain.
paper money.
the microscope.
the magnetic compass.

24. What historical development does the chart of the dynastic cycle help to explain?
The influence of Buddhism on China
The reasons for China’s isolation
The success of the Shang dynasty
The rise and fall of ruling families