Intro to Plants and Non-vascular plants IN: 81a

General Characteristics Autotrophic Multicellular Non-motile Eukaryotic Cell Wall made of Cellulose Exhibit alternation of generation life cycle Evolved from green algae How do you know this cell is eukaryotic?

What do Cladograms show us?

Essentials for survival 1. Light 2.Water and minerals 3.Gas exchange ability 4.Ability to move water and nutrients

Plant Adaptations to Life on Land Place the leaf cross-section on IN: 80a Cuticle- waxy protective outer covering helps to prevent water loss & injury

2. stomata- openings on underside of the leaf that allow gas exchange & prevent excessive water loss from the plant (transpiration) Day-open (most of the time), release water & oxygen and take in carbon dioxide Night- close to prevent water loss

In which group of organic compounds would you place cellulose? 3. Cellulose-carbohydrate that strengthens the stems; found in plant cell walls In which group of organic compounds would you place cellulose?

4. Spores, seeds, fruits- reproductive structures 5. Leaves- photosynthetic organs 6. Roots- organs to help anchor and absorb water

Vascular & Nonvascular Plants Plants which contain vessels for transport xylem- vessels transporting water & minerals up to leaves Phloem- vessel transporting sugar down to roots Cambium- found btw xylem & phloem: makes new xylem & phloem Example-flowers, trees Nonvascular Plants without vessels for water & mineral transport No true roots,stems or leaves Example-mosses

Nonvascular Plants moss “AKA” Bryophytes –Division name Ex. Mosses, liverworts,hornworts Small, soft plants which grow in clumps Absorbs water like a sponge Live in moist, shaded areas Small in size (1-2 cm) Pioneer plants: break down rock Grow close to the ground Depend on water for reproduction. No true roots, stems or leaves liverwort hornwort

Label the moss diagram on your left page IN: 80b Reproduction in Mosses a. alternation of generations: alternation between haploid & diploid stages b. Gametophyte- body form which produces gametes c. Sporophyte- form which produces spores, grows from a gametophyte & relies on it for water & minerals capsule sporophyte stalk Stemlike structure Leaflike structure gametophyte Label the moss diagram on your left page IN: 80b

Steps in reproductive cycle of a Moss IN:80b 1. Spore(n) germinate & form gametophyte (n) generation. 2. Antheridium- forms male gametes(sperm) ay tips of gametophyte 3. Archegonium- forms female gametes(egg) at tips of gametophyte. 4. Sperm fertilizes egg & zygote (2n) is formed 5. Zygote divides and forms sporophtye (2n) n n 2n n 2n n