2. 1

3. 2 Early Ancestors

4. 3 Land Adaptations

5. 4 Plant Life Cycles

6. 5 Taxonomy

7. 6 Nonvascular Plants

8. 7 Vascular Plants

9. 8 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Early Ancestors Land Adaptations Plant Taxonomy Nonvascular Plants Plant Life Cycle Vascular Plants

10. 9 First habitat for plants

11. 10 What is aquatic or water?

12. 11 Earliest ancestor for land plants

13. 12 What is a type of green algae?

14. 13 Type of chlorophyll found in terrestrial plant ancestors

15. 14 What is chlorophyll a and b ?

16. 15 The way algae and land plants store excess sugars

17. 16 What is starch?

18. 17 Found in the cell walls of green algae and land plants

19. 18 What is cellulose?

20. 19 Developed to obtain minerals from the environment

21. 20 What are roots?

22. 21 Enabled plants to grow taller

23. 22 What is vascular tissue?

24. 23 Found on all parts of a plant except for the underside of leaves

25. 24 What is waxy cuticle?

26. 25 Developed to protect sperm cells

27. 26 What is pollen?

28. 27 Surround openings in leaves to help prevent water loss

29. 28 What are guard cells?

30. 29 Two stage life cycle of all plants

31. 30 What is alternation of generations?

32. 31 Dominant stage in the life cycle of a bryophyte

33. 32 What is the gametophyte?

34. 33 Branching structure that develops from moss spores when they germinate

35. 34 What is the protonema?

36. 35

37. 36 Jacket of sterile protective cells around the egg cell in ferns and mosses

38. 37 What is the female gametangia or archegonium?

39. 38 Eggs and sperm are produced during this stage in a fern’s life cycle

40. 39 What is the gametophyte or prothallus?

41. 40 Found in the division Bryophyta

42. 41 What are moss?

43. 42 The only bryophyte with photosynthetic sporophytes

44. 43 What are hornworts?

45. 44 The division that contains ferns

46. 45 What is Pterophyta?

47. 46 Type of moss used by florist due to its ability to hold moisture

48. 47 What is sphagnum moss?

49. 48 Type of seedless, vascular plant that has explosive yellow spores used in fireworks

50. 49 What is Lycopodium?

51. 50 Plants that are first to move into barren areas and help break down rock into soil

52. 51 What are pioneer plants?

53. 52 Anchor moss plants, but can’t absorb water

54. 53 What are rhizoids?

55. 54 Tiny cup shaped structures on some bryophytes that are knocked off by raindrops and make new plants

56. 55 What are gemmae?

57. 56 Nonvascular plant burned as fuel in some countries

58. 57 What is peat moss?

59. 58

60. 59 Used by moss to locate egg cells to be fertilized

61. 60 What are chemical trails made by eggs?

62. 61 Leaves of ferns

63. 62 What are fronds?

64. 63 Spore cases on the back of mature fern leaves

65. 64 What are sori?

66. 65 Water conducting tissue

67. 66 What is xylem?

68. 67 Underground rootlike stem in whisk ferns and true ferns

69. 68 What is the rhizome?

70. 69 Heart shaped gametophyte stage in ferns

71. 70 What is the prothallus?

72. 71

73. 72 Seedless Vascular Plants

74. 73 Name the following structure found on Club Moss

75. 74

76. 75 What is the strobili?