Key Battles 1861-1865 Open Notebooks to page 48!

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Leaders: North & South North = Major Anderson South = General Beauregard Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Charleston Harbor, South Carolina Island fort Bombardment of the fort Casualties: No casualties Final Outcome Northern troops surrendered South Won the Fort

Fort Sumter Video http://video.pbs.org/video/1832507650/

First Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Leaders: North & South North = General McDowell South = Stonewall Jackson, General Beauregard Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Manassas, Virginia Union troops were poorly trained Citizens watched from the sidelines Casualties: North = 2,700 South = 2,000 Final Outcome South won – showed war would be long and bloody.

Battle of Bull Run http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/first-battle-of-bull-run

Hampton Roads-Monitor v. Merrimack March/April, 1862 Leaders: North & South None mentioned. Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia Ships plated with iron attacked each other Casualties: Neither ship was seriously damaged. Final Outcome No clear winner Changed Naval warfare forever

The War at Sea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2oub-PkUDY

Battle of Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 One of the bloodiest battles of the war Grant & Union forces were surprised by a Confederate attack Reinforcements arrived to help Grant – Pushed back Confederates Won greater control of Mississippi Valley

Battle of Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 Leaders: North & South North = General Grant, General Sherman South = General Johnston & General Beauregard Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Shiloh Church, Tennessee Confederates launched surprise attack Near Mississippi R. Casualties: North = over 13,000 dead South = over 10,000 dead Final Outcome Union won One of the bloodiest battles

Battle of Shiloh Video http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/the-battle-of-shiloh

Battle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 Leaders: North & South North = General McClellan South = General Lee Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Sharpsburg, Maryland Lee was hoping for a Confederate victory in the North. Casualties: Over 23,000 Final Outcome North stopped the Confederates from advancing (North considered it a victory) Lincoln passed Emancipation Proclamation (Freed Slaves in Southern states)

Battle of Antietam http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/videos/the-battle-of-antietam

Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862 Leaders: North & South North = General Burnside South = General Lee Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Richmond, VA Union hoped to capture Richmond Confederates withdrew to a nearby hill – Union forces charged up the hill and were shot down 6 times. Casualties: Union: 13,000 Confederate: 5,300 Final Outcome Union had to retreat, suffered another defeat. (Confederates won.)

Battle of Fredericksburg http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/battle-of-frederickson

Battle of Chancellorsville May 18, 1863 Leaders: North & South North = General Hooker South = General Lee & General Jackson Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Confederates attack Union forces in Virginia. Casualties: Union: 18,400 Confederate: 13,000 Stonewall Jackson was shot by friendly fire. Final Outcome Union lost and had to retreat. (Confederate victory)

Battle of Chancellorsville http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/battle-at-chancellorsville

Battle of Vicksburg Ended July 4, 1863 Leaders: North & South North = General Grant South = General Pemberton Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Vicksburg, Mississippi Union surrounded city for 6 weeks Siege = surrounding enemy Casualties: Union – over 10,000 Confederates – over 9,000 Final Outcome Union won – Gained control of Mississippi River – Split South in 2 Grant put as General-in-chief of Union

Battle of Vicksburg Ended July 4, 1863 6 week siege of Vicksburg Confederate forces were surrounded – supplies ran out – forced to eat horses, dogs, and cats.  Confederates surrendered to General Grant Union gained full control of the Mississippi River

Battle of Vicksburg July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURG Won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union control of Mississippi River Grant was then given control of all Union armies  began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the South What ships were used during Vicksburg? What do you think a scorched earth policy is or would consist of?

Battle of Vicksburg Video http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/vicksburg-campaign

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Leaders: North & South South = General Lee & General Pickett Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Gettysburg, PA Lee hoped to invade the North, mistakenly came upon Union troops. Pickett’s Charge – Confederate last effort charge to gain victory Casualties: Union – 23,000 Confederates – 28,000 Final Outcome Union won. Turning point of the war. Gettysburg Address – speech given by Lincoln honoring the dead

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Lee realized that it was crucial to attack the North. July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG - in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania The two sides met on accident and started to wage war. On July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union mowed them down (= "Pickett’s Charge") Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia. Over 100,000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded the North.

Battle of Gettysburg Video http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/the-battle-of-gettysburg

Battle of Atlanta July 22, 1864 Leaders: North & South North = General Sherman South = General Hood Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Atlanta, Georgia Union surrounded city & wore down Confederates. Casualties: Union – over 3,600 Confederates – over 8,400 Final Outcome Union won – showed that the end of the war was in sight.

Battle of Atlanta Video http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/pivotal-moments-of-the-civil-war-capture-of-atlanta

Turn to page 54 in your SS Notebook Label the top of the page Sherman’s March to the Sea and Surrender You’ll be taking notes on Sherman’s March to the Sea, Richmond Falls and Surrender at Appomattox on this page!

Sherman’s March to the Sea Union General Sherman was given the task of taking Atlanta; his “March to the Sea" saw total destruction (total war) from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia He used a scorched earth approach to cause mass devastation of Southern crops, towns, goods, and railways. *Why would you want to burn your enemy’s crops and railroads?

Sherman’s March to the Sea Picture Analysis What devastation was brought on by Union General William Sherman? Do you agree with his tactics? Why or why not?

Richmond Falls Lee realizes the South can’t hold on for long and sends Jefferson Davis a letter to leave Richmond, Virginia. Union burns the city of Richmond, Virginia and flees.

http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/atlanta-campaign/videos

Surrender at Appomattox Lee sends General Grant a message that he wants to surrender. On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant meet at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia to arrange the South’s surrender. Terms of surrender: soldiers were required to turn over their rifles, but officers were allowed to keep their pistols. Soldiers were allowed to keep horses.

The End is Here Lee told his armies and the people of the South that they were beaten and that they should stop fighting. All fighting ended by the summer.

Appomattox Courthouse

Surrender at Appomattox Video http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/surrender-at-appomattox-courthouse