Test Reflection Answer the following questions in your journal On a scale of 1-10 how do you feel you did on the test? I predict that I scored a _______. Why do you feel you scored that?(based on the scale number) I assume that I scored a _______ because _______. What do you think you can do before the next test to help improve your scores? I will ______ next time to improve my score. What can I, as the teach do, to help you improve your score? I think that you could _________ to help improve my score on the next test.

Progressive Era Characteristics Civil Service Reform Anti-trust acts Populism Muckrakers Conservation Reform 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th Amendments Suffrage Prohibition Pure Food and Drug Act Federal Reserve Social Gospel Movement

Political Movements of Progressive Era 1880-1920

Grange Movement & Populist Movement Tab 1

Four problems of Farmers Agricultural Overproduction – crop prices too low High Cost – railroads too expensive Farmer Indebtedness – machinery too expensive Periodic Natural Disasters – drought and inset invasion What factor do you think farmers ill try and change using political activism? I think farmers will address_______ factor by __________.

Grange Cooperatives Imagine you and your siblings wanted a new Xbox One and your parents said they will not give you one until Christmas and it is only June… What could you do to get the Xbox One before Christmas? Farmers came together to buy products at cheaper prices or share ownership of expensive machinery.

Grange Laws Munn v. Illinois – Supreme Court ruled that States reserve the right to regulate Railroad rate. Interstate Commerce Act – Congress hold the power to regulate railroads Interstate Commerce Commission – created to investigate complaints and enforce the act, 1st agency to regulate business. Who benefits from Interstate Commerce legislation? _______ benefited from Interstate Commerce legislation. Do you think the farmers were satisfied with Interstate Commerce Act? Why? I think the farmers were satisfied/dissatisfied with the Interstate Commerce act because______.

Populist Party Platforms Unlimited Coinage of Silver – more money in circulation. Term Limits for President – one term Government Ownership - Railroads Immigration Restrictions – quotas Direct Elections of Senators – by people not State Secret Ballot – no intimidation Graduated Income Tax – rich pay more Shorter Work Day – 8hours

“Cross of Gold Speech” William Jennings Bryan “My friends, the question we are to decide is: upon which side will the Democratic Party fight; upon the side of ‘the idle holders of idle capital’ or upon the side of ‘the struggling masses’? That question the party must answer. You tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.” From the reading, I can assume that William Jennings Bryan strongly supports __________.

How did he try to show that farmers Were superior? “My friends, the question we are to decide is: upon which side will the Democratic Party fight; upon the side of ‘the idle holders of idle capital’ or upon the side of ‘the struggling masses’? That question the party must answer. You tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.” Which groups did Bryan appeal to in his speech to the Democratic Convention? William Jennings Bryan appealed to the _______. How did he try to show that farmers Were superior? William Jennings Bryan said “_________”, assuming that farmers were superior to city dwellers.

Elections 1891-1896 Election 1892 Election of 1896 Election of 1900 Grover Cleveland (D) – 62% Benjamin Harrison (R) – 33% James Weaver (P) – 5% Election of 1896 William McKinley (R) – 61% William Jennings Bryan (D) – 39% Election of 1900 William McKinley (R) – 65% William Jennings Bryan (D) – 35%

Role of Third Party They provide an outlet for minorities to voice grievances and generate ideas. One issue you have with the school rules… Create a brochure including, party name, platform and party symbol.

Progressive Movement Who were progressives? Middle-class city dwellers Led by Writers, Lawyers and college professors

Goals of Progressives Protecting social welfare by easing the wills of urban society. The YMCA built libraries and exercise facilities while the Salvation Army offered the urban poor food and nursery care. Promoting moral improvement, especially by working to ban alcoholic beverages. Prohibitionists—many of whom were members of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)—often came into conflict with immigrant groups. The saloons the reformers attacked served vital functions such as offering cheap meals in immigrant communities. Reforming the economy. Some criticized the vast wealth amassed by industrialists and the treatment of workers. Journalists called “muckrakers” published stories about business corruption and unfair practices. Making businesses more efficient and profitable. Scientific management and the adoption of the assembly line for the manufacture of goods enabled factories to increase production.

Social Gospel Movement The Social Gospel Movement started when Protestant ministers began calling for social reforms. These reforms included the abolition of child labor and for safer working conditions. These people emphasized the duty to help those less fortunate. The Social Gospel Movement also strongly supported banning alcoholic beverages. (Would lead to 18th Amendment)

Muckrakers Investigative reporters, writers, and social scientists exposed the industrial and governmental corruption. Writers became known as “muckrakers” because they raked up the “muck” or dirt of American life.

Muckrakers and Their Influences Upton Sinclair He exposed dangerous working conditions and unsanitary practices in meat packing industry in his book The Jungle. Government passed the “Meat Inspection Act” law that set standards of cleanliness and required federal inspection of meat plants. “Pure Food & Drug Act” law that required foods to be pure and accurately labeled.

Excerpt from “The Jungle” Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle portrayed the new industrial economy as inhumane, destructive, and uncaring. “The meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one – there were things that went into the sausage that in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was ladled into the sausage. How might a reader in 1906 have reacted to this passage? Explain

Muckrakers and Their Influences Frank Norris pointed out the stranglehold the railroads had on California farmers in his book “The Octopus” . Problem – railroads were charging farmers more than their crops were often worth to ship them to market.

Muckrakers and Their Influences Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil’s ruthless business tactics of forcing others out of business and thereby creating a monopoly. Problem – trusts and monopolies had an unfair advantage among businesses. Government passed Sherman Anti-Trust Act outlawing monopolies.

Social Reformers Jane Addams Founded a settlement house called Hull House to help immigrants and needy find a place to live, jobs, or get an education. Beginning of social services like Youth Shelter, Food Bank, or Roxanne’s House

Muckrakers and Their Influences Jacob Riis He exposed the poverty, living conditions, and disease of the urban poor in his book “How the Other Half Lives” . Muckrakers and Their Influences Problem – the horrible living conditions of the poor in the cities. Led to New York City passing building codes to promote safety and health.

Social Reformers W.E.B. DuBois Help found the NAACP to help African Americans gain civil rights. First African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard. W.E.B. felt African Americans should achieve immediate racial equality and supported open protests. He often disagreed with another Civil Rights pioneer Booker T.

Social Reformers Booker T. Washington Booker agreed with W.E.B. that African Americans should seek their civil rights, but he disagreed on how they should achieve those rights. He argued that African Americans should gain equality by focusing on job training, not by demanding.

Social Reformers Ida B. Wells Lynching (murder by hanging) was a common tactic used to intimidate African Americans, especially in the South. After 3 of her friends were wrongfully lynched for crimes they didn’t commit, she started a national anti-lynching campaign.

Progressive Reform

Progressives Political Reform Secret Ballot Voters can vote with privacy

Progressives Political Reform Initiative Voters can introduce bills

Progressives Political Reform Referendum Voters can vote on bill

Progressives Political Reform Recall Voters can vote to remove official from office

Progressives Political Reform Direct Party Primary Voters could choose party candidate

Progressives Political Reform 17th Amendment Voters have the sole right to vote in US Senators

How did the process of initiative, referendum, and recall make State governments more responsive to the public? Initiative, referendum, and recall made government more responsive because____...

Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909

Square Deal Meat Inspection Act Government inspection of meat

Square Deal Pure Food & Drug Act Regulated inspection of food and the sales of medicine

Square Deal Interstate Commerce Commission Regulated railroads, telephones and telegrams

Square Deal National Conservation Commission Protects nation’s natural resources

What factor of the Square Deal do you feel as the most important and what Muckraker was the support of the legislation? I think that ____ was the most important legislation which as supported by _______.

William Howard Taft 1909-1912

Woodrow Wilson 19013-1921

The New Freedom Underwood Tariff Lowered tariffs 25%

The New Freedom Graduated Income Tax Rich tax payers pay higher tax rates

The New Freedom 16th Amendment Gave Congress the power to tax personal income

The New Freedom Federal Reserve Act Regulated the money in circulation by controlling the amount of money that banks can lend

The New Freedom Clayton Antitrust Act Prevented unfair business practices banned the use of court orders to prohibit strikes in labor disputes

The New Freedom Federal Trade Commission Act Protected the consumer against practices by corporations

National Park Service Conserve national scenery, historical objects, and wildlife for Americans enjoyment

Department of Labor The promote and develop the welfare of the working people and improve working conditions.

Child Labor Act Prohibiting the sale of goods created by child labor

19th Amendment No State can deny the right to vote based on sex(gender) Women Suffrage Susan B. Anthony

“When women shall vote, the political influence of the good men in the community will be greatly increased. There is no doubt whatever that women, in their voting, will be influenced by the men whom they know. But there is also no doubt that they will be influenced by the GOOD men whom they know. Men can deceive each other much more easily than they can deceive women -- the latter being providentially provided with the X-ray of intuitional perception. The blustering politician, preaching what he does not practice, may hold forth on the street corner or in a saloon, and influence the votes of others as worthless as himself. But among women his home life will more than offset his political influence. The bad husband may occasionally get the vote of a deluded or frightened wife, but he will surely lose the votes of the wives and daughters next door. Voting by women will improve humanity, because IT WILL COMPEL MEN TO SEEK AND EARN THE APPROVAL OF WOMEN.” What arguments does Brisbane make to give women the vote?