12.3 Protein Synthesis (Translation)
Watch these animations and try to explain what is going on. ◦Animation 1Animation 1 ◦Animation 2Animation 2
Steps of Protein Synthesis 1. Transcription happens in the nucleus 2. mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm 3. Once in the cytoplasm, mRNA is used to make a protein
How does m-RNA tell the cell what to do? mRNA is a message that codes for a protein Proteins are made in the cytoplasm which work to keep the cell alive Translation or protein synthesis is the process of making a protein Proteins are made up of amino acids (small building blocks) There are 20 different types of amino acids
Process of Translation 1. mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm NUCLEUS mRNA
2. mRNA attaches to a ribosome (rRNA)
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) decodes the mRNA and brings amino acids to build up the protein Anticodon (3 bases on tRNA): Matches up to codons on mRNA
4. Protein (chain of amino acids) detaches from ribosome and goes off to work in the cell
Reading the Genetic Code -Each mRNA codon (3 bases) = 1 Amino Acid -Amino Acids link together= 1 Protein
Start Codon= AUG (Methionine) Stop Codon= UAA, UAG, UGA (codes for NOTHING!) WHY?
Practice Using Your Codon Chart mRNA: AUG CCC GUA UGA Amino Acid Chain: Met-Pro-Val-Stop mRNA: AUG UCG GCA UAA Amino Acid Chain: Met-Ser-Ala-Stop
Practicing the process Practicing the process
Transcription Translation