1. Translation

2. Your cells make proteins like this:
Remember…
Proteins run your body
Your cells make proteins like this:
DNA
We’ve already learned about DNA and RNA, now lets learn about the next step, making proteins.
RNA
Proteins

3. Translation Translation is the process of making proteins from mRNA
mRNA functions as the blueprint for your genes

4. Proteins
Proteins are made of small pieces called amino acids

5. RNA makes proteins mRNA tRNA rRNA (Messenger RNA) (Transfer RNA)
Made from the DNA
tRNA
(Transfer RNA)
Puts the amino acids together
rRNA
(Ribosomal RNA)
Ribosomes read the mRNA

6. Translation mRNA is made (transcription) in the nucleus Nucleus
Leaves the nucleus
Goes to the cytoplasm
Nucleus
mRNA
tRNA
Then it is read by the ribosome
And proteins are made
Ribosome
mRNA
mRNA

7. The mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time, called codons
The mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time, called codons. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and the tRNA brings the correct amino acid that matches.
tRNA
Ribosome
mRNA

8. The Genetic Code
Match the mRNA codon to the correct amino acid… AUG = CCC = GCA = UUA = UAA =
Methionine
Proline
Alanine
Leucine
Stop

9. The Genetic Code ATA UAU CCG GGC TTA AAU
Now let’s go from DNA to mRNA to amino acid DNA RNA Amino Acid
ATA
UAU
Tyrosine
CCG
GGC
Glycine
TTA
AAU
Asparagine

10. The Genetic Code
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one codon?
There are 64 different combos for codons but only 20 amino acids.