1. Protein Synthesis Translation

2. DNA (genes) information copied to make  mRNA (transcription) Information in mRNA sequence used to put together  Chain of amino acids(protein) Proteins determine physical traits of organism The Big Picture

3. Translation: Why mRNA has copied information from DNA into “nucleic acid” language (A,U,G,C) Must be translated into “protein” language (amino acids)

4. Translation Building Blocks of Proteins Proteins are made of subunits called amino acids These subunits are comprised of : – Amino group – Carboxyl group – R group is different for each amino acid

5. Translation Building Blocks of Proteins 20 different amino acids make up all proteins Order of amino acids gives protein specific characteristics

6. Amino acids: Building Blocks of Proteins Peptide bond joins amino acids in proteins

7. Translation: The Code 4 letters in RNA: A, U, C, G 3 letters = code for each amino acid Codon = 3 base code for a specific amino acid

8. Translation: The Code 64 possible combinations (4x4x4) More than 1 code for some amino acids Start = AUG Stop = UAA, UAG, UGA

9. Translation: Where Cytoplasm of cell

10. Translation: The Players mRNA with 3-base codons Start codon Stop codon

11. Translation: The Players tRNA Matches correct amino acid with codon Anticodon Amino acid

12. Translation: The Players Composed of rRNA & protein Ribosomes assemble the protein Move along mRNA tRNA brings amino acids

13. Translation: Initiation Begin at start codon Assemble ribosomes http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_pl ace/biocoach/translation/init.html http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_pl ace/biocoach/translation/init.html

14. Translation: Elongation tRNA matches anticodon with codon in mRNA to bring correct amino acids to protein Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_pl ace/biocoach/translation/elong1.html http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_pl ace/biocoach/translation/elong1.html

15. Translation: Termination “Stop” codon is reached Protein is released from ribosome Protein folds into 3-D shape http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_pl ace/biocoach/translation/term.html http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_pl ace/biocoach/translation/term.html

16. Many proteins can be translated from a single message Translation

17. The Complete Process http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1302 http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1302

18. Transcribe & translate a gene Practice! http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/tra nscribe/ http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/tra nscribe/