1. How to Make a Protein?

2. Pathway to Making a Protein
DNA
mRNA
tRNA (ribosomes)
Protein

3. DNA  RNA  Protein Eukaryotic Cell DNA Pre-mRNA mRNA Ribosome Protein
Nuclear
membrane
Transcription
RNA Processing
Translation
DNA
Pre-mRNA
mRNA
Ribosome
Protein
Eukaryotic Cell

4. Transcription
DNA  RNA

5. RNA is the BLUEPRINT of the Master Plan
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid
Its job is to take information from the DNA and bring it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
DNA is the MASTER PLAN
RNA is the BLUEPRINT of the Master Plan

6. DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA Deoxyribose sugar Ribose Sugar
Nucleotide Nucleotide
Thymine Uracil
Double Helix Single Strand

7. Let’s repeat!

8. .
Three Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies DNA’s code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

9. Messenger RNA Long Straight chain of Nucleotides Made in the Nucleus
Copies DNA & leaves through nuclear pores
Contains the Nitrogen Bases A, G, C, U ( no T )

10. Let’s create some RNA!!
White boards PLEASE!!......

11. Transcription The DNA uncoils and copied on ONE strand.
mRNA copies the template strand of DNA with the enzyme RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase bind to one side of the DNA template at the promoter site.
When the enzyme gets to the termination signal, it comes off of the DNA and transcription has stopped

12. Template Strand

14. Practice Question
Transcribe the following sequence to show the resulting mRNA.
A T G A T T C G T

15. Translation
RNA  Proteins

16. Protein Synthesis
Translation is the process of decoding mRNA into Protein (or polypeptide chains)
Proteins are the physical display of your genetic information or DNA.

17. Ribosomes read mRNA three bases or 1 codon at a time to construct the proteins
Start codons= translation to starts (AUG)
Stop codons = translation to stop (UAA, UAG, UGA)

18. Translation The mRNA is attached to the ribosome
Finds a start codon. AUG
The tRNA brings a specific an amino acid at one end and has an anticodon (complementary to the mRNA) on the other.
Each tRNA brings an amino acid that binds together to form a protein.

19. Translation Translation occurs in 3 parts:
Initiation-mRNA attaches to ribosome
Elongation-tRNA bring specific amino acids that match with mRNA building the polypeptide chain
Termination-mRNA detaches from ribosome and protein is finishes assembling.