Chapter 8: The Spirit of Reform,

THE AGE OF JACKSON Section One:

Flashback to Chapter 7… John Q. Adams “stole” the election of 1824 from Jackson  Adams accomplishes little because Congress is upset by his victory Jackson gets revenge by winning the election of 1828

The Age of Jackson His inauguration was a first- page 266

A New Type of President In the election of more people had voted than ever before Everyday citizens connected with Jackson  He was an orphan, received little formal education, hard worker How does he compare to previous presidents?

The Spoils System The practice of appointing people to government jobs based on their party loyalty, friends and connections. It rewarded those who supported him Jackson thought it was more democratic- get more “everyday” people into government What would be the pros and cons of this system?

Early Threats of Secession South Carolina thought new tariffs were hindering the economy of the South South Carolina threatened to secede (break away) Solution: Federal government started to lower tariff rates, South Carolina does not secede What would have happened if they did secede in 1833?

Westward Expansion Slowly, the white people had been moving West During this process, they encountered different native tribes As more and more move west, what is the government to do with the natives?!?! Even though Jackson wanted more involved in government, his thoughts did not expand to natives

Policies towards Native Americans Early plans since the Louisiana Purchase was the move natives west  Most Americans at this time never thought the US would be coast to coast Jackson created Indian Removal Act of 1830 ****See activity for information on this!

A New Political Party- the Whigs Took their name from the Whig party in England Supported:  Larger federal government  Industrial development

Jackson’s Democrats Are Opposite Democrats wanted:  Less federal government  More power to states  More power to everyday people

The Election of 1836 Van Buren- a Democrat won The Whigs were not organized enough to win Van Buren accomplished little  He did little to fix The Economic Panic of 1837

We Have a Whig!!! Whigs nominated William H. Harrison in the election of 1840 Slogan was “Tippecanoe and Tyler too!” after Harrison’s victory at Tippecanoe (War of 1812)

President of 32 Days Harrison contracted pneumonia and died Succession made John Tyler President  Not a true Whig- he was chosen to get Southern votes  He tended to lean Democrat  More on Tyler later on….

A CHANGING CULTURE Section Two:

Change is Coming... By mid-1800s, Americans began examining their culture Changes started happening, politically, economically, socially

A New Wave of Immigrants Coming from? Why? Impact on America? Emergence of Nativism-

Religious Revival The Great Awakening summary: pg Ideas of Second Great Awakening: Impact on religion in America:

New Religions Emerge Examples:

New Concepts in Literature Romanticism: Transcendentalism:

American Authors and their Works Ralph Waldo Emerson: Henry David Thoreau: James Fennimore Cooper: Nathaniel Hawthorne: Edgar Allen Poe: Emily Dickinson:

REFORMING SOCIETY Section 3:

What Was Life Like in the 1800s? Life in 1800s

Changes in… TOPICPEOPLECHANGES Dorothea Dix Temperance Prison Reform Horace Mann, Calvin Wiley Emma Willard, Mary Lyon, Elizabeth Blackwell True Womenhood Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT Section 4:

Definitions: Gradualism: belief that slavery would slowly end on its own Abolitionism: opposition to slavery

Early Opposition By 1830s, a growing majority in the North supported the idea of gradualism Felt country could not reach its potential if slavery existed

Early Antislavery Societies American Colonization Society  Bought land in West Africa  Created Liberia (capital was Monrovia)  Only 12,000 free slaves moved there  Why would so few move?

Emergence of Abolitionists Different from gradualists Thought slaves should be freed immediately Second Great Awakening supported it- thought slavery was an evil sin

Early Abolitionists Several living in the North started to speak out against slavery  David Walker  William Lloyd Garrison

The Liberator Garrison created a newspaper, called The Liberator Harsh attacks on slavery Called for emancipation of all enslaved people This idea leads to creation of American Antislavery Society  By mid 1830s- they had over 250,000 members

Frederick Douglass Escaped slave Brilliant speaker- gave a public voice to the movement

Sojourner Truth Gained freedom legally Powerful public speaker

Response to Absolutism-In the North…. Some viewed abolitionism as a threat to the existing social structure Some thought it would provoke a war between North and South Some thought it would lead to a loss of jobs for whites Some feared the collapse of the South’s economy and what that would mean for the North

Response to Absolutism-In the South…. Some thought it was vital to their way of life Some felt that slavery made the economy thrive Some thought that slave-owners were helping slaves have a better life Some refused to have abolitionists’ voices heard

What Does All This Mean? The country is splitting further and further apart on several major issues