© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 1 Learning Objectives Identify the primary features included in a foundation plan. Discuss the difference between a foundation plan and a basement plan. Design and draw a foundation plan for a typical residential structure using traditional or CADD methods.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 2 The Foundation Plan-Crawl Space or Slab on Grade The foundation plan is a plan view drawing in section.foundation plan –Shows the location and size of footings, piers, columns, foundation walls, and supporting beams. –Usually drawn after the floor plan and elevations have been roughed out.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 3 Simple Foundation Plan-Slab on Grade This foundation plan provides the necessary information.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 4 Foundation Plan Features The following features are shown on a foundation plan: –Footings for walls, piers, and columns. –Foundation walls. –Piers and columns (posts). –Dwarf walls. –Partial walls, doors, and bath fixtures (basement). –Openings in foundation wall. (continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 5 Foundation Plan Features –Beams and pilasters. –Direction, size, and spacing of floor joists or trusses. –Drains and sump (if required). –Details of foundation and footing construction. –Complete dimensions and notes. –Scale of drawing.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only Pilasters Pilasters may be used to strengthen basement walls. Built at the same time as the wall. Masonry wall pilasters are usually 8" x 16" in an 8" thick wall. Distance between pilasters should not exceed 15' in an 8" wall and 18' in a 10" wall. Pilasters are also used to support beams. 6

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only Pilasters 7

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 8 Basement/Foundation Plan-Example

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 9 Preliminary Steps Study information presented on the preliminary floor plan, plot plan, and elevation. Use the floor plan as an underlay. –Reduces time and errors.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 10 Preliminary Steps Determine the type of exterior wall specified. –Foundation size depends on wall type. –4" brick ledge required for brick veneer house.brick ledge Plot plan information. –Stepped footings, retaining walls, and grade problems. Refer to building code.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 11 Foundation Wall Types

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 12 Drawing a Foundation Plan-Crawl Space Follow these steps: –Select the scale (usually 1/4" = 1'-0"). –Locate the outline of foundation walls. –Draw the foundation walls, piers, and pilasters. –Draw the foundation for fireplace and chimney. –Indicate breaks in the wall for windows, doors, access holes, vents. (continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only Footings Footing thickness generally equals the foundation wall thickness. Footing width is twice the wall thickness. Poor soil may require wider footings. Settling occurs during construction. Prevent uneven settling. Check code recommendations. Use steel reinforcing bars. 13

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only Structural Loads Dead load is the weight of the structure itself: –Roofing, siding, joist, etc. Live load is the fixed or moving weights: –Furniture, appliances, occupants, snow on the roof, etc. 14

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 15 Drawing a Foundation Plan-Crawl Space

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 16 Drawing a Foundation Plan-Crawl Space –Lay out and draw wall footings. –Draw footings for piers and columns. –Draw footings for fireplace and chimney. –Locate and draw the supporting beam. –Show size, spacing, and direction of joists or trusses. –Identify location of sections. (continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 17 Drawing a Foundation Plan-Crawl Space

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 18 Drawing a Foundation Plan-Slab on Grade & Crawl Space Draw and dimension the necessary sections.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 19 Drawing a Foundation Plan –Identify dimensions needed to show size and location. –Draw the dimension lines. –Add necessary notes. –Shade the foundation walls with material symbols or hatch patterns. –Add title block, scale, and drawing name. –Check over the drawing.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 20 Drawing a Foundation Plan-Crawl Space Completed foundation plan.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 21 CADD Drawing Procedure –Dimension the drawing using the DIMENSION commands. –Add interior features. –Add appliances, fixtures, furnace, and room names and sizes. –Add cutting-plane lines. –Add the scale and title. –Look over the plan.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only Piers and columns are similar. Pier foundations sometimes replace T-foundations under the house. Piers often used in a long crawl space. Columns are used in basements where the span is too long. The difference between piers and columns is their height. A column has a footing and post. 22 Pier and Columns

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 23 CADD Drawing Procedure Basement plan completed with CADD.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 24 Glossary Basement Plan. A combination foundation and floor plan; includes the information commonly shown on the foundation plan and, at the same time, shows interior walls, stairs, windows, and doors in the basement. Brick Ledge. The portion of the foundation wall on which the brick veneer rests. Foundation Plan. A plan view drawing, in section, that provides all of the information necessary to construct a foundation.