SPECIATION & CLASSIFICATION Allopatric Speciation.

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Presentation transcript:

SPECIATION & CLASSIFICATION

Allopatric Speciation

Sympatric Speciation

Originalpopulation

Sympatric Speciation n Sympatric speciation is the genetic divergence of various populations (from a single parent species) inhabiting the same geographic region, such that those populations become different species.

Micro vs. Macro Evolution n MICROEVOLUTION- Genes within a population change over time n MACROEVOLUTION- Genes have changed so much that a new species is created

Species n organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Taxonomy n Branch of biology that involves identification, naming, and classification of species

Linnaean System n Carolus Linnaeus (1700s) Swedish botanist n Language: Latin n Binomial Nomenclature: –Two part name: Genus and species

Examples n Panthera pardus (leopard) n Canis familiaris (domestic dog) n Mus musculus (house mouse) Genus, begins with capital letter Species, begins with lower case Italicized GenusSpecies

Common Names n Everyday names given to organisms. n Example - jellyfish, crayfish n Can be confusing. n Different in different areas, and countries

Aristotle n First person to classify organisms. n Categorized all organisms into 2 groups: plants & animals. n Plants - stem differences n Animals - habitat

Order of Classification groups DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies Dr. Ken please come over for some great soup!

Classification of Humans n Domain- Eukaryote n Kingdom - Animalia n Phylum - Chordata n Class - Mammalia n Order - Primates n Family - Hominidae n Genus - Homo n Species - sapiens

Three Domains Eubacteria Archaeabacteria Eukaryotes

Domain: Archaebacteria n Prokaryotic cells n Usually found in extreme environments. n Example - thermoacidophiles

Domain: Eubacteria n Prokaryotic cells n Example – n Escherichia coli ( E.coli)

Domain: Eukaryote n Contains the kingdoms that are eukaryotes n Plant n Animal n Protists n Fungi

Kingdom Protista n Eukaryotic cells n Unicellular & multicellular n Example - Ameba, paramecium

Kingdom Fungi nEnEnEnEukaryotic cells nHnHnHnHeterotrophic nMnMnMnMulticellular nEnEnEnExamples - mushrooms, yeasts.

Kingdom Plantae n Eukaryotic cells n Autotrophic n Multicellular n Example - poison ivy

Kingdom Animalia n Eukaryotic cells n Heterotrophic n Multicellular n Example - humans

Convergent Evolution Process in which unrelated species from similar environments have adaptations that seem very similar

Divergent Evolution Pattern of evolution in which two closely related species gradually become more and more dissimilar

Classification & Identification n Morphology - physical appearance n Embryology - appearance of embryos n Chromosomes n Biochemistry- DNA and amino acids

Why do we classify Organisms? n So we can organize them to make them easier to study. n Less confusing n Continuously changing as we learn more and with the - Now – 3 Domains

Phylogenetic Tree n Branched diagrams that shows evolutionary relationships n Each branch point is a common ancestor

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